DecAID Literature List

The following is literature that was cited and/or are data sources that may give you more detail into a given topic

Acker, S.A., J. Kertis, H. Bruner, K. O’Connell, and J. Sexton. 2013. Dynamics of coarse woody debris following wildfire in a mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) forest. Forest Ecology and Management 302: 231–239.

Agee, J.K. 1991. Fire history of Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest. in L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey, and M.H. Huff (technical coordinators), Wildlife and Vegetation in Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 25-33.

Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press; 493 p.

Agee, J.K. 1998. The landscape ecology of western forest fire regimes. Northwest Science 72 (special issue):24-34.

Agee, James K. 2002. Fire as a coarse filter for snags and logs. in Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/029_Agee.pdf

Agee, J.K., and F. Krusemark. 2001. Forest fire regime of the Bull Run Watershed, Oregon. Northwest Sci. 75: 292-306.

Akenson, J.J., Mark G. Henjum, and D.W. Carroll. 1997. Denning ecology of black bear in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Sixth Western Black Bear Workshop, Ocean Shores, WA.

Alexander, M.E., and F.G. Hawkworth. 1975. Wildland fires and dwarf mistletoes: A literature review of ecology and prescribed burning. US For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-14. 12 pp.

Alkaslassy, Edmond. 2005. Abundance of Plethodontid salamanders in relation to coarse woody debris in low elevation mixed forest of the western Cascades. Northwest Science 79(2-3):156-163.

Allen, M. F. 1991. The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 184 pp.

Amaranthus, M. and D. Pilz. 1996. Productivity and sustainable harvest of wild mushrooms. Pp. 42-61 in D. Pilz and R. Molina, editors. Managing forest ecosystems to conserve fungus diversity and sustain wild mushroom harvests. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-371. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, OR. 104 p.

Amaranthus, M. P., and D. E. Steinfeld. 1997. Soil compaction after yarding of small-diameter Douglas-fir with a small tractor in southwest Oregon. Research Paper PNW-RP-504. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 7 pp.

Amaranthus, M. P., D. Page-Dumroese, A. Harvey, E. Cazares, and L. F. Bednar. 1996. Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-494. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland OR. 12 pp.

Amaranthus, M. P., D. S. Parrish, and D. A. Perry. 1989. Decaying logs as moisture reservoirs after drought and wildfire. Pp. 191-194 in E. Alexander, editor. Stewardship of soil, air and water resources. Proc. Watershed 89. USDA Forest Service R10-MB-77. USDA Forest Service Alaska Region, Juneau, AK.

Amaranthus, M., J.M. Trappe, L. Bendar, and D.Arthur. 1994. Hypogeous fungal production in mature Douglas-fir forest fragments and surrounding plantations and its relation to coarse woody debris and animal mycophagy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:2157-2165.

Arnett, Edward B. 2007. Presence, relative abundance, and resource selection of bats in managed forest landscapes in western Oregon. PhD Dissertation. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 223 pp.

Arnett, Edward B., John P. Hayes. 2009. Use of conifer snags as roosts by female bates in western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(2):214-225.

Arnstadt, T., B. Hoppe, T. Kahl, H. Kellner, D. Krüger, J. Bauhus, and M. Hofrichter. 2016. Dynamics of fungal community composition, decomposition and resulting deadwood properties in logs of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris. Forest Ecology and Management 382:129-142.

Aubry, Keith B, and Catherine M. Raley. 2002. Selection of nest and roost trees by pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests of Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:392-406.

Aubry, Keith B. 2000. Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 64(4):1041-1052.

Aubry, Keith B., and Catherine M. Raley. 2006. Ecological characteristics of fishers (Martes pennanti) in the Southern Oregon Cascade Range. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory. Olympia, Washington, USA. 32 pp.

Aubry, Keith B., and P.A. Hall. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the southern Washington Cascade Range. pp 327-338 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Aubry, Keith B., L.L.C. Jones, and P.A. Hall. 1988. Use of woody debris by Plethodontid salamanders in Douglas-fir forests in Washington. pp 32-37 in Szaro, Robert C., Keith E. Severson, and David R. Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.

Aubry, Keith B., M.J. Crites, and S.D. West. 1991. Regional patterns of small mammal abundance and community composition in Oregon and Washington. pp 285-294 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Bader, P., S. Jansson, and B. G. Jonsson. 1995. Wood-inhabiting fungi and substratum decline in selectively logged boreal spruce forest. Biological Conservation 72:355-362.

Baker, Michael D. and Michael J. Lacki. 2006. Day-roosting habitat of female long-legged myotis in ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(1):207-215.

Baker, Michael D., Michael J. Lacki, Greg A. Falxa, and P. Lee Droppelman, Ryan A. Slack, and Scott A. Slankard. 2008. Habitat use of pallid bats in coniferous forests of northern California. Northwest Science 82(4):269-275.

Baker, W.L. 2012. Implications of spatially extensive historical data from surveys for restoring dry forests of Oregon’s eastern Cascades. Ecosphere 3:23.

Baker, W.L., and D. Ehle. 2001. Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:1205-1226.

Bakker, J.J. and K. Hastings. 2002. Den trees used by northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in southeastern Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80(9):1623-1633.

Barclay, Robert M.R., and R. Mark Brigham. 2001. Year-to-year reuse of tree-roosts by California bats (Myotis californicus) in southern British Columbia. American Midland Naturalist 146(1):80-85.

Bate, L.J. 1995. Monitoring woodpecker abundance and habitat in the central Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 116 pp.

Bate, Lisa J., Torolf R. Torgersen, Edward O. Garton, and Michael J. Wisdom. 2002. Accuracy and efficiency of methods to sample logs for wildlife research and management. pp. 817-822 in Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/060_BateLog.pdf

Bate, L.J., T.R. Torgersen, M.J. Wisdom, E.O. Garton, and S.C. Clabough. 2008. Log sampling methods and software for stand and landscape analyses. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-746. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 93 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr746.pdf

Bate, L.J., T.R. Torgersen, M.J. Wisdom, E.O. Garton, and S.C. Clabough. 2008. SnagPRO: Snag and tree sampling and analysis methods for wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-780. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 80 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr780.pdf

Bate, Lisa J. 2001. Effects of fire on cavity nesting birds. Unpublished Report on file. USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR. 26 pp.

Bate, Lisa J. 2001. Woodpeckers and their habitat use in the Columbia River Basin Region: A literature review. Unpublished Report on file. USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR. 69 pp.

Bate, Lisa J., and Vicki Saab. 2005. Birds and burns network pre-treatment vegetation analysis snags, stumps and trees. Progress Report. 109 pp.

Bennetts, R.E., G.C. White, F.G. Hawksworth, and S.E. Severs. 1996. The influence of dwarf mistletoe on bird communities in Colorado ponderosa pine forests. Ecological Applications 6(3):899-909.

Beschta, Robert L., Jonathan J. Rhodes, J. Boone Kauffman, Robert E. Gresswell, G. Wayne Minshall, James R. Karr, David A. Perry, E. Richard Hauer, and Christopher A. Frissell. 2004. Postfire management on forested public lands of the western United States. Conservation Biology 18(4):957-967.

Betts, B.J. 1998. Roosts used by maternity colonies of silver-haired bats in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Mammology 79:643-650.

Betts, B.J. 1996. Roosting behavior of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Northeast Oregon. Pp 55-61. in Barclay, R.M. and R.M. Brigham, editors. Bats and forests symposium, October 19-21, 1995, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria B.C. Working Paper 23/1996.

Bevis, K.R. 1994. Primary cavity-excavator birds in managed and unmanaged grand fir forest habitats of central Washington's east Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Central Washington Univ., Yakima, WA. 141 pp.

Bevis, Kenneth R., and Gina King. 2005. Northern flying squirrel winter den sites on the Yakama Reservation, Washington. Presented at WA TWS meetings. Abstract.

Blessing, B.J., E.P. Phenix, L.L.C. Jones, and Martin G. Raphael. 1999. Nests of VanDyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 80:77-81.

Bock, C.E. 1970. The ecology and behavior of the Lewis woodpecker (Asyndesmus lewis). Univ. Calif. Publ. in Zool. First ed. Vol. 92. Berkeley, Univ. California Press. 100 pp.

Bock, C.E. and J.H. Bock. 1974. On the geographical ecology and evolution of the three-toed woodpeckers, Picoides tridactylus and P. arcticus. American Midland Naturalist 92(2):397-405.

Bonnot, Thomas W. 2006. Nesting ecology of black-backed woodpeckers in mountain pine beetle infestations in the Black Hills, South Dakota. MS Thesis. Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 77 pp.

Bowman, J. C., D. Sleep, G. J. Forbes, and M. Edwards. 2000. The association of small mammals with coarse woody debris at log and stand scales. Forest Ecology and Management 129(1-3):119-124.

Brang, P., J. Moran, P. Puttonen, and A. Vyse. 2003. Regeneration of Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa in high-elevation forests of south-central British Columbia depends on nurse logs. Forestry Chronicle 79(2):247-252.

Brazee, N. J., D. L. Lindner, A. W. D'Amato, S. Fraver, J. A. Forrester, and D. J. Mladenoff. 2014. Disturbance and diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi: Effects of canopy gaps and downed woody debris. Biodiversity and Conservation 23(9):2155-2172.

Brett, T.A. 1998. Habitat associations of woodpeckers at multiple scales in managed forests of the southern Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.

Brigham, R.M., M.J. Vonhof, R.M.R. Barclay, and J.C. Gwilliam. 1997. Roosting behavior and roost-site preferences of forest-dwelling California bats (Myotis californicus). Journal of Mammology 78:1231-1239.

Brown, James K., Elizabeth D. Reinhardt, and Kylie A. Kramer. 2003. Coarse woody debris: Managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS_GTR-105. Ogden UT. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 16p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr105.pdf
Brown, M. J., J. Kertis, and M. H. Huff. 2013. Natural tree regeneration and coarse woody debris dynamics after a forest fire in the western Cascade Range. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-592. 50 pp.

Buchanan, J.B., J.C. Lewis, D.J. Pierce, E.D. Forsman, Brian L. Biswell. 1999. Characteristics of young forests used by spotted owls on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwest Science 73(4):255-263.

Buchanan, Joseph B., Russell E. Rogers, D. John Pierce, and John E. Jacobson. 2003. Nest-site habitat use by white-headed woodpeckers in the eastern Cascade Mountains, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 84:119-128.

Buhler, Matt L., and Stanley H. Anderson. 2001. Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Western North American Naturalist 61(2):236-240.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1975. Habitat utilization of the pileated woodpecker, Blue Mountains, Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 58 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1980. Resource partitioning among woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 109 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1983. Longevity of snags and their use by woodpeckers. in Davis, J.W., G.A. Goodwin, and R.A. Ockenfels, tech. coords. Snag habitat management: proceedings of the symposium. USDA Forest Service, GTR-RM-99., Rocky Mnt. For. Range Exp. St., Fort Collins, CO.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1987. Ecology of the pileated woodpecker in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Manage. 51 (2):472-481.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1991. Summer roosts and roosting behavior of Vaux’s swifts in old-growth forests. Northwestern Naturalist. 72:78-82.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1998. Progress report: diet and habitat use by black bears in northeastern Oregon. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, LaGrande, OR.

Bull, E.L. 2001. Survivorship of pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Field Ornithology 72(1):131-135.

Bull, Evelyn L. Unpublished Data. On file at USDA Forest Service Forest and Range Sciences Lab., LaGrande, OR.

Bull, Evelyn L., James J. Akenson, and Mark G. Henjum. 2000a. Characteristics of black bear dens in trees and logs in northeastern Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist 81:148-153.

Bull, Evelyn L., Abe A. Clark, and Jay F. Shepherd. 2005. Short-term effects of fuel reduction on pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon - a pilot study. PNW-RP-564, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. 17 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L., and H.D. Cooper. 1991. Vaux's swift nests in hollow trees. Western Birds 22:85-91.

Bull, Evelyn L., and T.W. Heater. 2000b. Resting and denning sites of American martens in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 74(3):179-185.

Bull, Evelyn L., Thad W. Heater, and Jay F. Shepard. 2005 Habitat selection by the American marten in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 79(1):37-43.

Bull, Evelyn L., and Janet E. Hohmann. 1993. The association between Vaux's swifts and old growth forests in northeastern Oregon. Western Birds 24:38-42.

Bull, Evelyn L., Janet E. Hohmann, and Mark G. Henjum. 1987. Northern pygmy-owl nests in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Raptor Research 21:77-78.

Bull, Evelyn L., and Richard S. Holthausen. 1993. Habitat use and management of pileated woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 57(2):335-345.

Bull, Evelyn L., Richard S. Holthausen, and Mark G. Henjum. 1992. Roost trees used by pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 56:786-793.

Bull, Evelyn L., Torolf R. Torgersen, Arlene K. Blumton, Carol M. McKenzie, and Dave S. Wyland. 1995. Treatment of an old-growth stand and its effects on birds, ants, and large woody debris: A case study. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station. PNW-GTR-353. 12 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L., Catherine G. Parks, and Torolf R. Torgersen. 1997. Trees and logs important to wildlife in the interior Columbia River Basin. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Portland, OR. PNW-GTR-391. 55 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr391/

Bull, Evelyn L., A.L. Wright, and Mark G. Henjum. 1990. Nesting habitat of flammulated owls in Oregon. Journal of Raptor Research 24:52-55.

Bunnell, Fred L., Toby Spribille, Isabelle Houde, Trevor Goward, and Curtis Bjork. 2008. Lichens on down wood in logged and unlogged forest stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:1033-1041.

Bury, R.B., and P.S. Corn. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascades: Relation of the herptofauna to stand age and moisture. pp11-22 in Szaro, Robert C., Keith E. Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.

Buskirk, S.W., S.C Forrest, Martin G. Raphael, and H.J. Harlow. 1989. Winter resting site ecology of marten in the central Rocky Mountains. Journal of Wildlife Management 53(1):191-196.

Butts, Sally R. 1997. Associations of forest floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests, Western Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 60 pp.

Butts, Sally R., and William C. McComb. 2000. Association of forest-floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests of western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 64(1):95-104.

Byler, J.W., and S.K. Hagle.  2000.  Succession functions of forest pathogens and insects: Ecosections M332a and M333d in northern Idaho and western Montana. Summary.  USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Forest Health Protection, State and Private Forestry, Missoula, MT.  FHP Rep. No. 00-09. 37 pp.

Cahall, Rebecca E. 2007. Influences of salvage logging on forest birds after fire in the eastern Cascades, Oregon. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 132 pp.

Cahall, Rebecca E., and John P. Hayes. 2009. Influences of postfire salvage logging on forest birds in the Eastern Cascades, Oregon, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1119-1128.

Call, D.R., R.J. Gutierrez, and J. Verner. 1992. Foraging habitat and home-range characteristics of California spotted owls in the Sierra Nevada. Condor 94:880-888.

Campbell, L.A. 1993. Bat diversity and habitat use in managed forests of northeastern Washington. MS Thesis. Washington State Univ., Pullman. 37pp.

Campbell, L.A., J.G. Hallett, and M.A. O'Connell. 1996. Conservation of bats in managed forests: use of roosts by Lasionycteris noctivagans. Journal of Mammology 77:976-984.

Campbell, S., and L. Kiegel, tech cords. 1996. Disturbance and forest health in Oregon and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-381. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region; Oregon Department of Forestry, Washington Dept. of Natural Resources. 105 p.

Cannon, Michelle. 2008. unpublished data, on file Portland, Oregon

Cannon, Michelle M. D. 2011. The use of burned forest by breeding birds following the Biscuit Fire in southwest Oregon. PhD Dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 221 pp.

Carey, A.J. 1995. Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:648-661.

Carey, Andrew B., and Constance A. Harrington. 2001. Small mammals in young forests: implications for management for sustainability. Forest Ecology and Management 154:289-309.

Carey, Andrew B., Catherine Elliott, Bruce R. Lippke, John Sessions, Charles J. Chambers, Chadwick D. Oliver, Jerry F. Franklin, Martin G. Raphael. 1996. A pragmatic, ecological approach to small landscape management: final report of the biodiversity pathways working group of the WA Forest Landscape Management Project, Rpt. 2, WA DNR, Olympia, 150 pp.

Carey, Andrew B., and M.L. Johnson. 1995. Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:336-352.

Carey, Andrew B., Janet Kershner, Brian L. Biswell, and Laura Dominguez de Toledo. 1999. Ecological scale and forest development: squirrels, dietary fungi, and vascular plants in managed and unmanaged forests. Wildlife Monographs 142:1-71.

Carey, Andrew B., T.M. Wilson, C.C. Maguire, and Brian L. Biswell. 1997. Dens of northern flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Wildlife Management 61(3):684-699.

Carter, D.W. 1993. The importance of seral stage and coarse woody debris to the abundance and distribution of deer mice on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. M.S. Thesis, Simon Fraser Univ., B.C., 105 pp.

Caton, Elaine L. 1996. Effects of fire and salvage logging on the cavity-nesting bird community in northwestern Montana. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. Montana, Missoula. 115 pp.

Cázares, E., D. L. Luoma, J. Eberhart, M. P. Amaranthus, C. Cray, J. Dudd and M. McArthur. 1998. Hypogeous fungal diversity and biomass following salvage logging in Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon, USA. Pp 39-40 in Programme and Abstracts of the Second International Conference of Mycorrhiza, Uppsala, Sweden.

Chambers, Carol L., T. Carrigan, T.E. Sabin, John Tappeiner, and William C. McComb. 1997. Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting birds. West. Journal of Applied Forestry 12:93-97.

Chappell, Christopher B., Rex C. Crawford, Charley Barrett, Jimmy Kagan, David H. Johnson, Mikel O’Mealy, Greg A. Green, Howard L. Ferguson, W. Daniel Edge, Eva L. Greda, and Thomas A. O’Neil. 2001. Wildlife habitats: Descriptions, status, trends, and system dynamics. Pp. 22-114 in D.H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. Chappell et al. 2001

Chen, Y., L. D. Hansen, and J. J. Brown. 2003. Nesting Sites of the Carpenter Ant, Camponotus vicinus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Northern Idaho. Environmental Entomology 31(6):1037-1042.

Childs, T.W. 1963. Poria weirii root rot. Phytopathology. 53:1124-1127.

Christensen, M. 1989. A view of fungal ecology. Mycologia 81:1-19.

Clarkson, D.A., and L. Scott Mills. 1994. Hypogeous sporocarps in forest remnants and clearcuts in southwest Oregon. Northwest Science 68(4):259-265.

Cline, E. T., J. E. Ammirati, and R. L. Edmonds. 2005. Does proximity to mature trees influence ectomycorrhizal fungus communities of Douglas-fir seedlings? The New Phytologist 166(3):993-1009.

Cline, S.P., A.B. Berg, and H.M Wight. 1980. Snag characteristics and dynamics in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 44:773-786.

Colgan III, W., A. B. Carey, J. M. Trappe, R. Molina and D. Thysell. 1999. Diversity and productivity of hypogeous fungal sporocarps in a variably thinned Douglas-fir forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:1259-1268.

Conway, C.J., and T.E. Martin. 1993. Habitat suitability for Williamson's sapsuckers in mixed-conifer forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:322-328.

Corkran, Char C., Joan C. Hagar, and David J. Vesely. 1997. Microhabitat selection by Oregon slender salamanders (Batrachoseps wrighti) in the western Oregon Cascades. 1997 Project Rpt., Contract NG 97-1-04, Oregon Department Fish and Wildlife. 8 pp.

Corn, P.S., and R.B. Bury. 1991. Small mammal communities in the Oregon Coast Range. in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Corn, P.S., and R.B. Bury. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Coast Range. pp 305-317 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Corn, P.S., R.B. Bury, and T.A. Spies. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington: Is the abundance of small mammals related to stand age and moisture? pp 340-352 in Szaro, Robert C., Keith E. Severson, and David R. Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.

Corn, Janelle G., and Martin G. Raphael. 1992. Habitat characteristics at marten subnivean access sites. Journal of Wildlife Management 56(3):442-448.

Covert-Bratland, Kristin A., William M. Block, and Tad C. Theimer. 2006. Hairy woodpecker winter ecology in ponderosa pine forests representing different ages since wildfire. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(5):1379-1392.

Craig, Vanessa J., Walt Klenner, Michael C. Feller, and Thomas P. Sullivan. 2006. Relationships between deer mice and downed wood in managed forests of southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2189-2203.

Crampton, L.H., and R.M.R. Barclay. 1998. Selection of roosting and foraging habitat by bats in different-aged aspen mixedwood stands. Conservation Biology 12(6):1347-1358.

Crawford, R. H., S. E. Carpenter, and M. E. Harmon. 1990. Communities of filamentous fungi and yeast in decomposing logs of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mycologia 82(6):759-765.

Crites, S. and M. R. T. Dale. 1998. Diversity and abundance of bryophytes, lichens, and fungi in relation to woody substrate and successional stage in aspen mixedwood boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Botany 76:641-651.

Crockett, A.B., and H.H. Hadow. 1975. Nest site selection by Williamson and red-naped sapsuckers. Condor 77:365-368.

Cross, S.P., H. Launchstedt, and C. Harmes. 1996. Final report characterizing forest roost sites of some bats of special concern occurring on Roseburg and Medford BLM districts. Unpublished report. 47 pp.

Crowther, T. W., L. Boddy, and T. H. Jones. 2011a. Outcomes of fungal interactions are determined by soil invertebrate grazers. Ecology Letters 14(11):1134-1142. 18

Crowther, T. W., T. H. Jones, and L. Boddy. 2011b. Species-specific effects of grazing invertebrates on mycelial emergence and growth from woody resources into soil. Fungal Ecology 4:333-341.

Dahlberg, A. and J. Stenlid. 1995. Spatiotemporal patterns in ectomycorrhizal populations. Canadian Journal of Botany 73(Suppl. 1):1222-1230.

Daily, G.C., P.R., Ehrlich, and N.M. Haddad. 1993. Double keystone bird in a keystone species complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Science 90:592-594.

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