This screen may contain a variety of figures or tables of snags and down wood information not included in the cumulative species curves. This information includes wildlife use of height of snag or length of down wood, snag or down wood species, decay class, mortality condition, snag top condition, hollow snag or down wood. Please see the Ancillary Data Methods for details on each figure or table. Some tables and figures may need to be PRINTED IN LANDSCAPE
All
underlying data for SNAGS
Table EMC.sp-15. Ancillary data for trees used by wildlife
species or groups in Eastside Mixed Conifer Forest Wildlife Habitat Type.
Snags in reviewed studies were re-classified for this work into one of three
decay classes; hard, moderate, or soft, per Bull
et al. (1997). Broken-top trees are indicated by "B", and trees with intact
tops are indicated by "I". Species 1 is the tree species used most often by
the wildlife species shown for that particular study. Species 2 is the tree
species used next most often, etc. If selection data were available, then
tree species 1 is the tree species most selected by the wildlife species,
and so on for Species 2, 3, and 4.
| Wildlife Species | Trees sampled (n) | Live trees used (% of all trees used) | Dead trees used (% of all trees used) | Decay class of snag used | Condition of tree top | Hollow tree or snag | Species 1 | Species 2 | Species 3 | Species 4 | Wildlife use of tree | Structural Condition Class | Geographic Location | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMKE | 14 |
0 |
100 |
 |
50%B 50%I | |
aspen | ponderosa pine | western larch | |
nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| AMKE | 11 |
0 |
100 |
70% B 30% I |
|
deciduous | western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | |
| AMMA | 30 |
|
|
|
|
yes | grand fir | western larch | subalpine fir | |
den | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | northeastern Oregon | Bull and Heater 2000 |
| AMMA | 271 |
33 |
67 |
|
|
yes | grand fir | western larch | Englemann spruce | subalpine fir | resting | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull and Heater 2000 |
| AMMA | 11 |
54 |
46 |
Hard-Moderate | |
|
ponderosa pine | lodgepole pine | |
|
den | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | eastern slope Oregon Cascades | Raphael and Jones 1997 |
| BATS | 21 |
|
|
Moderate | |
|
white pine | western larch | ponderosa pine | |
roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | southern British Columbia | Vonhof and Barclay 1996 |
| BBBA | 7 |
57 |
43 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | |
|
|
roosts | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Betts 1996 |
| BBWO | 3 |
|
|
Hard-Moderate | |
|
Douglas-fir | ponderosa pine | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| BBWO | 133 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | |
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| BBWO | 15 |
40 |
60 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | lodgepole pine | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| BBWO | 11 |
|
|
|
17%B 83%I | |
western larch | Douglas-fir | |
|
nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| BBWO | 340 |
32 |
68 |
Hard | |
|
lodgepole pine | |
|
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | central Oregon Cascades | Goggans et al. 1988 |
| BBWO | 33 |
67 |
36 |
|
I | |
lodgepole pine | |
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | central Oregon Cascades | Goggans et al. 1988 |
| BBWO | 15 |
87 |
|
|
|
|
lodgepole pine | |
|
|
roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | central Oregon Cascades | Goggans et al. 1988 |
| BBWO | 6 |
|
|
|
|
|
western larch | Douglas-fir | |
|
nest | Open canopy - post fire | SE Montana | Harris 1982 |
| BBWO | 61 |
|
|
|
18%
B 82% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| BBWO | 10 |
12 |
88 |
22% B 78% I |
western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | |||
| BBWO | 9 |
0 |
100 |
|
I | |
western larch | subalpine fir | |
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| BBWO | 14 |
50 |
50 |
|
29% B 71% I |
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | lodgepole pine | nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Nielsen-Pincus 2005 | |
| BBWO | 46 |
|
|
ponderosa pine | other conifers | nest | Post-fire | SW Idaho | Saab et al. 2009 | |||||
| BLBE | 51 |
|
|
|
B | yes | grand fir | |
|
|
den | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Akenson et al. 1997 |
| BLBE | 30 |
77 |
33 |
|
B | yes | grand fir | western larch | ponderosa pine | |
den | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull et al. 2000 |
| BLBE | 19 |
58 |
42 |
|
|
yes | grand fir | western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | den | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull et al. 2000 |
| BLBE | 8 |
|
|
|
|
yes | |
|
|
|
|
Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1998 |
| BRCR | 2 |
|
100 |
|
B | |
western larch | |
|
|
nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| BRCR | 19 |
|
|
|
10%
B 90% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| BRCR | 1 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
Douglas-fir | |
|
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| BRCR | 8 |
|
|
Moderate | |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | south central British Columbia | Steeger and Machmer 1995 |
| CAMY | 19 |
|
|
Moderate | |
|
ponderosa pine | white pine | grand fir | Douglas-fir | roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | southern British Columbia | Brigham et al. 1997 |
| CAMY | 20 |
Douglas-fir | roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | southern British Columbia | Vonhoff and Gwilliam 2007 | ||||||||
| CNB | 391 |
|
|
|
B | |
aspen | cottonwood | western larch | ponderosa pine | nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| CNB | 36 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas fir | |
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| EUST | 5 |
|
100 |
|
40%B 60%I | |
aspen | spruce | |
|
nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| EUST | 27 |
0 |
100 |
45% B 55% I |
deciduous | western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| FLOW | 20 |
20 |
80 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Goggans 1986 |
| FLOW | 13 |
17 |
83 |
|
B | |
Douglas-fir | aspen | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | southcentral Idaho | Powers et al. 1996 |
| HAWO | 3 |
33 |
67 |
Moderate | |
|
western larch | Douglas-fir | grand fir | |
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| HAWO | 553 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | lodgepole pine | |
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| HAWO | 59 |
|
93 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | lodgepole pine | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| HAWO | 34 |
|
100 |
|
19%B 81%I | |
aspen | western larch | cottonwood | |
nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| HAWO | 14 |
|
|
|
|
|
western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | |
nest | Post-fire | SE Montana | Harris 1982 |
| HAWO | 59 |
|
|
|
39%
B 61% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| HAWO | 20 |
5 |
95 |
15% B 85% I |
deciduous | western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| HAWO | 6 |
|
100 |
|
I | |
conifers | |
|
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| HAWO | 5 |
40 |
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| HAWO | 209 |
|
|
ponderosa pine | other conifers | nest | Post-fire | SW Idaho | Saab et al. 2009 | |||||
| HOWR | 141 |
3 |
97 |
42% B 58% I |
deciduous | western larch | Douglas-fir | ponderosa pine | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hitchcox 1996; Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| HOWR | 3 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
western larch | subalpine fir | |
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| LEWO | 353 |
|
|
ponderosa pine | other conifers | nest | Post-fire | SW Idaho | Saab et al. 2009 | |||||
| LLMY | 28 |
|
|
|
|
|
grand fir | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | cottonwood | roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | eastern Washington Cascades | Frazier 1997 |
| MOBL | 54 |
|
100 |
|
34%B 66%I | |
aspen | western larch | cottonwood | Douglas-fir | nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| MOBL | 140 |
|
|
|
61%
B 39% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| MOBL | 81 |
3 |
97 |
48% B 52% I |
western larch | deciduous | ponderosa pine | Douglas fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| MOBL | 9 |
|
100 |
|
I | |
western larch | lodgepole pine | |
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| MOBL | 353 |
|
|
ponderosa pine | other conifers | nest | Post-fire | SW Idaho | Saab et al. 2009 | |||||
| MOCH | 10 |
0 |
100 |
69% B 31% I |
deciduous | western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| NFSQ | 96 |
51 |
49 |
|
52%
B 48% I |
|
grand fir | Douglas-fir | ponderosa pine | western larch | den | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis and King 2005 |
| NOFL | 14 |
|
|
Moderate | 100% B | |
grand fir | Douglas-fir | |
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| NOFL | 30 |
50 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| NOFL | 68 |
|
95 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| NOFL | 9 |
|
|
|
|
|
western larch | Douglas-fir | ponderosa pine | |
nest | Post-fire | SE Montana | Harris 1982 |
| NOFL | 96 |
|
|
|
56%
B 44% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| NOFL | 108 |
2 |
98 |
57% B 43% I |
deciduous | western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hitchcox 1996; Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| NOFL | 4 |
|
100 |
|
B | |
western larch | spruce | |
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| NOFL | 16 |
6 |
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| NOFL | 201 |
|
|
ponderosa pine | other conifers | nest | Post-fire | SW Idaho | Saab et al. 2009 | |||||
| NPOW | 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Douglas-fir | grand fir | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull et al. 1987 |
| NUCH | 71 |
|
|
All | |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | south central British Columbia | Steeger and Machmer 1995 |
| PCE | 677 |
|
|
|
|
|
western larch | Douglas-fir | |
|
foraging | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| PCE | 40 |
|
|
|
|
|
Douglas-fir | ponderosa pine | |
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| PCE | 205 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | |
foraging | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| PCE | 426 |
|
|
|
|
|
western larch | ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | |
foraging | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| PCE | 86 |
24 |
79 |
Soft | |
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | |
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| PCE | 30 |
|
|
Moderate | |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | south central British Columbia | Steeger and Machmer 1995 |
| PIWO | 67 |
|
|
|
|
|
Douglas-fir | |
|
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1975 |
| PIWO | 75 |
35 |
29 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | |
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| PIWO | 63 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| PIWO | 72 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | western larch | |
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1987 |
| PIWO | 105 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | |
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1987 |
| PIWO | 1030 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | western larch | |
foraging | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull and Holthausen 1993 |
| PIWO | 123 |
49 |
51 |
|
|
yes | grand fir | ponderosa pine | western larch | |
roosts | Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull et al. 1992 |
| PIWO | 270 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | |
foraging | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| PIWO | 6 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| PIWO | 89 |
19 |
81 |
|
B | |
western larch | ponderosa pine | cottonwood | |
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | western Montana | McClelland and McClelland 1999 |
| PIWO | 32 |
22 |
78 |
|
B | |
western larch | ponderosa pine | cottonwood | |
roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | western Montana | McClelland and McClelland 1999 |
| PIWO | 32 |
0 |
100 |
|
59%
B 41% I |
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | grand fir | |
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Nielsen-Pincus 2005 |
| PYNU | 29 |
7 |
93 |
|
76%
B 24% I |
|
ponderosa pine | Douglas-fir | grand fir | western larch | nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Nielsen-Pincus 2005 |
| RBNU | 13 |
|
|
Moderate | 92% B | |
Douglas-fir | grand fir | |
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| RBNU | 18 |
|
|
|
89%
b 11% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| RBNU | 2 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
Douglas-fir | |
|
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| RBNU | 35 |
9 |
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| RBNU | 55 |
|
95 |
|
B | |
Douglas-fir | western larch | birch | |
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | southeast British Columbia | Steeger and Hitchcock 1998 |
| RNSA | 8 |
25 |
75 |
|
|
|
western larch | lodgepole pine | Douglas-fir | grand fir, ponderosa pine | nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| RNSA | 10 |
60 |
40 |
100% I |
deciduous | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | |||||
| RNSA | 84 |
68 |
32 |
|
|
|
western larch | |
|
|
nest | Larger trees | NW Montana | McClelland and McClelland 1999 |
| SHBA | 17 |
12 |
53 |
Moderate | I | |
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | grand fir | roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Betts 1996; Betts 1998 |
| SHBA | 15 |
7 |
93 |
|
B | |
conifers | |
|
|
roosts | Larger trees | Selkirk Mountains, NE Washington | Campbell et al. 1996 |
| SQUIR | 6 |
|
|
All | |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | south central British Columbia | Steeger and Machmer 1995 |
| TRSW | 31 |
4 |
96 |
33% B 67% I |
deciduous | Douglas-fir | western larch | ponderosa pine | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | ||
| TTWO | 58 |
22 |
78 |
|
|
|
lodgepole pine | |
|
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| TTWO | 3 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
lodgepole pine | |
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| TTWO | 45 |
3 |
97 |
|
17%B 83%I | |
aspen | western larch | spruce | subalpine fir | nest | Post-fire | Montana | Caton 1996 |
| TTWO | 429 |
|
88 |
|
|
|
lodgepole pine | Englemann spruce | |
|
foraging | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | central Oregon Cascades | Goggans et al. 1988 |
| TTWO | 20 |
25 |
75 |
|
|
|
lodgepole pine | |
|
|
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | central Oregon Cascades | Goggans et al. 1988 |
| TTWO | 15 |
|
|
Moderate-soft | |
|
|
|
|
|
roosts | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | central Oregon Cascades | Goggans et al. 1988 |
| TTWO | 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Douglas-fir | western larch | |
|
nest | Post-fire | SE Montana | Harris 1982 |
| TTWO | 61 |
|
|
|
26%
B 74% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| TTWO | 9 |
33 |
67 |
10% B 90% I |
western larch | Douglas-fir | ponderosa pine | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | |||
| TTWO | 2 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
western larch | spruce | |
|
nest | Post-fire | NE Washington | Kreisel 1998 |
| VASW | 2 |
50 |
50 |
|
|
yes | grand fir | |
|
|
roosts | Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1991 |
| VASW | 24 |
63 |
38 |
|
|
yes | grand fir | |
|
|
nest | Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull and Hohmann 1993; Bull and Cooper 1990 |
| WBNU | 5 |
20 |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| WEBL | 156 |
|
|
ponderosa pine | other conifers | nest | Post-fire | SW Idaho | Saab et al. 2009 | |||||
| WHWO | 43 |
5 |
95 |
Moderate | |
|
ponderosa pine | quaking aspen | |
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | east-slope Oregon Cascades | Dixon 1995 |
| WHWO | 404 |
3 |
97 |
Moderate | 66%
B 34% I |
|
ponderosa pine | white fir | quaking aspen | lodgepole pine | nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | eastern Cascades | Frenzel 2004 |
| WHWO | 1 |
100 |
0 |
|
|
aspen | nest | Larger trees | eastern Cascades | Lindstrand and Humes 2009 | ||||
| WISA | 4 |
75 |
25 |
Moderate | |
|
western larch | Douglas-fir | |
|
nest | Open canopy | east central Washington Cascades | Bevis 1994 |
| WISA | 86 |
49 |
51 |
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | |
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Bull 1980 |
| WISA | 54 |
74 |
26 |
|
|
|
western larch | aspen | |
nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | south-central British Columbia | Gyug et al. 2009 | |
| WISA | 10 |
|
|
|
70%
B 30% I |
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hejl et al. 2000 |
| WISA | 9 |
43 |
57 |
22% B 78% I |
deciduous | western larch | Douglas-fir | nest | Post-fire | western Montana | Hutto and Gallo 2006 | |||
| WISA | 65 |
6 |
94 |
|
88%
B 12% I |
|
Douglas-fir | grand fir | western larch | ponderosa pine | nest | Small/medium trees and Larger trees | NE Oregon | Nielsen-Pincus 2005 |
| WISA | 20 |
65 |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest | Open canopy, Small/medium trees and Larger trees | north central Washington | Madsen 1985 |
| WOPE | 587 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | western larch | Douglas-fir | |
foraging | Post-fire | Montana | Hutto 1995 |
| WOPE | 54 |
|
|
|
|
|
ponderosa pine | |
foraging | Small/medium trees | north-central Washington Cascades | Lyons et al. 2008 |