Parent Layer: Structure

Name: Fine-scale Heterogeneity Index normalized

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Description: A key component of forest structure descriptions is the spatial heterogeneity (i.e., tree clumps and gaps), which influences vegetation growth, competition, and succession, disturbance processes, and wildlife habitat. Developing spatial heterogeneity through mechanical and prescribed fire treatments is often a goal of restoration projects and targets for the distribution of individual trees, clumps and gaps are often derived from historical estimates of stand structure.--------This fractal dimension index is intended to be used in combination with the percent canopy cover as a measure of fine-scale heterogeneity. Fine-scale heterogeneity in forest structure may interrupt fuel continuity and reduce mortality of overstory trees. Fractal dimension is a measure of the complexity of shapes and ranges from 1, for simple shapes (fewer canopy interruptions), to 2, for complex shapes (more canopy interruptions). Fractal dimension is typically applied to single-part shapes, here we apply it to forest canopy within a 90m x 90m moving window.--------The following diagram illustrates how fractal dimension index values correspond with spatial patterns of forest canopy coverage. Green areas denote canopy coverage and brown areas denote low-growing vegetation or bare areas. Areas where the shape of canopy coverage is more complex or patchy thereby have higher fractal area index.--------Image courtesy of Jonathan T. Kane, University of Washington.----------------This raster has been modified from the base 30m version in the following ways:-------- - It has been aggregated from a 30m to a 300m scale by averaging across the 30m values-------- - The normalized values are rescaled based on the 20th and 80th percentile of actual values, with -1 representing low values, and 1 representing high values. This interpretation reflects concerns for conditions that are overly homogeneous but in either direction (too closed or too open), with more heterogeneous conditions considered more favorable.----------------- Unit Of Measure: Fractal dimension index, 1 to 2

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