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DecAID Literature List

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Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press; 493 p.

Agee, J.K. 1998. The landscape ecology of western forest fire regimes. Northwest Science 72 (special issue):24-34.

Agee, James K. 2002. Fire as a coarse filter for snags and logs. In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/029_Agee.pdf

Akenson, J.J., Mark G. Henjum, and D.W. Carroll. 1997. Denning ecology of black bear in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Sixth Western Black Bear Workshop, Ocean Shores, WA.

Alkaslassy, Edmond. 2005. Abundance of Plethodontid salamaders in relation to coarse woody debris in low elevation mixed forest of the western Cascades. Northwest Science 79(2-3):156-163.


Amaranthus, M. P., D. S. Parrish, and D. A. Perry. 1989. Decaying logs as moisture reservoirs after drought and wildfire. (pp. 191-194) In: E. Alexander (Ed.). Stewardship of soil, air and water resources. Wathershed 89. R10-MB-77. USDA Forest Service, Region 10, Juneau, Alaska.

Amaranthus, M. P., D. Page-Dumroese, A. Harvey, E. Cazares, and L. F. Bednar. 1996. Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-494. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland OR. 12 pp.

Amaranthus, M. and D. Pilz. 1996. Productivity and sustainable harvest of wild mushrooms. Pp. 42-61 in D. Pilz and R. Molina, eds. Managing forest ecosystems to conserve fungus diversity and sustain wild mushroom harvests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-371. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 104 p.

Amaranthus, M. P., and D. E. Steinfeld. 1997. Soil compaction after yarding of small-diameter Douglas-fir with a small tractor in southwest Oregon. Research Paper PNW-RP-504. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 7 pp.

Amaranthus, M., J.M. Trappe, L. Bendar, and D.Arthur. 1994. Hypogeous fungal production in mature Douglas-fir forest fragments and surrounding plantations and its relation to coarse woody debris and animal mycophagy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:2157-2165.

Arnett, Edward B. 2007. Presence, relative abundance, and resource selection of bats in managed forest landscapes in western Oregon. PhD Dissertation. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 223 pp.

Arnett, Edward B., John P. Hayes. 2009. Use of conifer snags as roosts by female bates in western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(2):214-225.

Aubry, Keith B. 2000. Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 64(4):1041-1052.

Aubry, K.B., and C.M. Raley. 2002. Selection of nest and roost trees by pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests of Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(2):392-406.

Aubry, Keith B., and P.A. Hall. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the southern Washington Cascade Range. pp 327-338 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Aubry, Keith B., L.L.C. Jones, and P.A.Hall. 1988. Use of woody debris by Plethodontid salamanders in Douglas-fir forests in Washington. pp 32-37 in Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E. Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.

Aubry, Keith B., M.J. Crites, and S.D. West. 1991. Regional patterns of small mammal abundance and community composition in Oregon and Washington. pp 285-294 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.


Baker, Michael D. and Michael J. Lacki. 2006. Day-roosting habitat of female long-legged myotis in ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(1):207-215.

Baker, Michael D., Michael J. Lacki, Greg A. Falxa, and P. Lee Droppelman, Ryan A. Slack, and Scott A. Slankard. 2008. Habitat use of pallid bats in conifereous forests of northern California. Northwest Science 82(4):269-275.

Baker, W.L., and D. Ehle. 2001. Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:1205-1226.

Bakker, J.J. and K. Hastings. 2002. Den trees used by northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in southeastern Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80(9):1623-1633.

Barclay, Robert M.R., and R. Mark Brigham. 2001. Year-to-year reuse of tree-roosts by California bats (Myotis californicus) in southern British Columbia. American Midland Naturalist 146(1):80-85.

Bate, L.J. 1995. Monitoring woodpecker abundance and habitat in the central Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 116 pp.

Bate, Lisa J. 2001. Effects of fire on cavity nesting birds. Unpublished Report on file. USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR. 26 pp.

Bate, Lisa J. 2001. Woodpeckers and their habitat use in the Columbia River Basin Region: A literature review. Unpublished Report on file. USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR. 69 pp.

Bate, Lisa J., and Vicki Saab. 2005. Birds and burns network pre-treatment vegetation analysis snags, stumps and trees. Progress Report. 109 pp.

Bate, Lisa J., Torolf R. Torgersen, Edward O. Garton, and Michael J. Wisdom. 2002. Accuracy and efficiency of methods to sample logs for wildlife research and management. pp. 817-822 In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/060_BateLog.pdf

Bate, L.J.; Torgersen, T.R.; Wisdom, M.J.; Garton, E.O.; Clabough, S.C. 2008. Log sampling methods and software for stand and landscape analyses. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-746. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 93 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr746.pdf

Bate, L.J.; Torgersen, T.R.; Wisdom, M.J.; Garton, E.O.; Clabough, S.C. 2008. SnagPRO: Snag and tree sampling and analysis methods for wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-780. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 80 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr780.pdf

Bennetts, R.E., G.C. White, F.G. Hawksworth, and S.E. Severs. 1996. The influence of dwarf mistletoe on bird communities in Colorado ponderosa pine forests. Ecological Applications 6(3):899-909.

Beschta, Robert L., Jonathan J. Rhodes, J. Boone Kauffman, Robert E. Gresswell, G. Wayne Minshall, James R. Karr, David A. Perry, E. Richard Hauer, and Christopher A. Frissell. 2004. Postfire management on forested public lands of the western United States. Conservation Biology 18(4):957-967.

Betts, B.J. 1998. Roosts used by maternity colonies of silver-haired bats in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Mammology 79:643-650.

Betts, B.J. 1996. Roosting behavior of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Northeast Oregon. Pp 55-61. in Barclay, R.M. and R.M. Brigham, editors. Bats and forests symposium, October 19-21, 1995, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria B.C. Working Paper 23/1996.

Bevis, K.R. 1994. Primary cavity-excavator birds in managed and unmanaged grand fir forest habitats of central Washington's east Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Central Washington Univ., Yakima, WA. 141 pp.

Bevis, Kenneth R., and Gina King. 2005. Northern flying squirrel winter den sites on the Yakama Reservation, Washington. Presented at WA TWS meetings. Abstract.

Blessing, B.J., E.P. Phenix, L.L.C. Jones, and Martin G. Raphael. 1999. Nests of VanDyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 80:77-81.

Bock, C.E. 1970. The ecology and behavior of the Lewis woodpecker (Asyndesmus lewis). Univ. Calif. Publ. in Zool. First ed. Vol. 92. Berkeley, Univ. California Press. 100 pp.

Bock, C.E. and J.H. Bock. 1974. On the geographical ecology and evolution of the three-toed woodpeckers, Picoides tridactylus and P. arcticus. American Midland Naturalist 92(2):397-405.

Bonnot, Thomas W. 2006. Nesting ecology of black-backed woodpeckers in mountain pine beetle infestations in the Black Hills, South Dakota. MS Thesis. Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 77 pp.

Bowman, J. C., D. Sleep, G. J. Forbes, and M. Edwards. 2000. The association of small mammals with coarse woody debris at log and stand scales. Forest Ecology and Management 129(1-3):119-124.

Brett, T.A. 1998. Habitat associations of woodpeckers at multiple scales in managed forests of the southern Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.

Brigham, R.M., M.J. Vonhof, R.M.R. Barclay, and J.C. Gwilliam. 1997. Roosting behavior and roost-site preferences of forest-dwelling California bats (Myotis californicus). Journal of Mammology 78:1231-1239.

Brown, James K., Elizabeth D. Reinhardt, and Kylie A. Kramer. 2003. Coarse woody debris: Managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS_GTR-105. Ogden UT. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 16p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr105.pdf

Buchanan, J.B., J.C. Lewis, D.J. Pierce, E.D. Forsman, Brian L. Biswell. 1999. Characteristics of young forests used by spotted owls on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwest Science 73(4):255-263.


Buchanan, Joseph B., Russell E. Rogers, D. John Pierce, and John E. Jacobson. 2003. Nest-site habitat use by white-headed woodpeckers in the eastern Cascade Mountains, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 84:119-128.


Buhler, Matt L., and Stanley H. Anderson. 2001. Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National
Park, Wyoming. Western North American Naturalist 61(2):236-240.

Bull, Evelyn L. Unpublished Data. On file at USDA Forest Service Forest and Range Sciences Lab., LaGrande, OR.

Bull, E.L. 2001. Survivorship of pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Field Ornithology 72(1):131-135.

Bull, Evelyn L., Abe A. Clark, and Jay F. Shepherd. 2005. Short-term effects of fuel reduction on pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon - a pilot study. PNW-RP-564, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. 17 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L., Thad W. Heater, and Jay F. Shepard. 2005 Habitat selection by the American marten in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 79(1):37-43.

Bull, Evelyn L., and T.W. Heater. 2000. Resting and denning sites of American martens in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 74(3):179-185.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1998. Progress report: diet and habitat use by black bears in northeastern Oregon. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, LaGrande, OR.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1991. Summer roosts and roosting behavior of Vaux’s swifts in old-growth forests. Northwestern Naturalist. 72:78-82.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1987. Ecology of the pileated woodpecker in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 51(2):472-481.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1983. Longevity of snags and their use by woodpeckers. in Davis, J.W., G.A. Goodwin, and R.A. Ockenfels, tech. coords. Snag habitat management: proceedings of the symposium. USDA Forest Service, GTR-RM-99., Rocky Mnt. For. Range Exp. St., Fort Collins, CO.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1980. Resource partitioning among woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 109 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L. 1975. Habitat utilization of the pileated woodpecker, Blue Mountains, Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 58 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L., A.L. Wright, and Mark G. Henjum. 1990. Nesting habitat of flammulated owls in Oregon. Journal of Raptor Research 24:52-55.

Bull, Evelyn L., and H.D. Cooper. 1991. Vaux's swift nests in hollow trees. Western Birds 22:85-91.

Bull, Evelyn L., and Janet E. Hohmann. 1993. The association between Vaux's swifts and old growth forests in northeastern Oregon. Western Birds 24:38-42.

Bull, Evelyn L., Catherine G. Parks, and Torolf R. Torgersen. 1997. Trees and logs important to wildlife in the interior Columbia River Basin. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Portland, OR. PNW-GTR-391. 55 pp.

http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr391/

Bull, Evelyn L., Janet E. Hohmann, and Mark G. Henjum. 1987. Northern pygmy-owl nests in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Raptor Research 21:77-78.

Bull, Evelyn L., James J. Akenson, and Mark G. Henjum. 2000. Characteristics of black bear dens in trees and logs in northeastern Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist 81:148-153.

Bull, Evelyn L., Richard S. Holthausen, and Mark G. Henjum. 1992. Roost trees used by pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 56:786-793.

Bull, Evelyn L., Torolf R. Torgersen, Arlene K. Blumton, Carol M. McKenzie, and Dave S. Wyland. 1995. Treatment of an old-growth stand and its effects on birds, ants, and large woody debris: A case study. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station. PNW-GTR-353. 12 pp.

Bull, Evelyn L., and Richard S. Holthausen. 1993. Habitat use and management of pileated woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 57(2):335-345.

Bunnell, Fred L., Toby Spribille, Isabelle Houde, Trevor Goward, and Curtis Bjork. 2008. Lichens on down wood in logged and unlogged forest stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:1033-1041.

Bury, R.B., and P.S. Corn. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascades: Relation of the herptofauna to stand age and moisture. pp11-22 in Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E. Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.

Buskirk, S.W., S.C Forrest, Martin G. Raphael, and H.J. Harlow. 1989. Winter resting site ecology of marten in the central Rocky Mountains. Journal of Wildlife Management 53(1):191-196.

Butts, Sally R. , and William C. McComb. 2000. Association of forest-floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests of western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 64(1):95-104.

Butts, Sally R. 1997. Associations of forest floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests, Western Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 60 pp.


Cahall, Rebecca E. 2007. Influences of salvage logging on forest birds after fire in the eastern Cascades, Oregon. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 132 pp.

Cahall, Rebecca E., and John P. Hayes. 2009. Influences of postfire salvage logging on forest birds in the Eastern Cascades, Oregon, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1119-1128.

Call, D.R., R.J. Gutierrez, and J. Verner. 1992. Foraging habitat and home-range characteristics of California spotted owls in the Sierra Nevada. Condor 94:880-888.

Campbell, L.A. 1993. Bat diversity and habitat use in managed forets of northeastern Washington. MS Thesis. Washington State Univ., Pullman. 37pp.

Campbell, L.A., J.G. Hallett, and M.A. O'Connell. 1996.Conservation of bats in managed forests: use of roosts by Lasionycteris noctivagans. Journal of Mammology 77:976-984.

Campbell, S., and L.Kiegel, tech cords. 1996. Disturbance and forest health in Oregon and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-381. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region; Oregon Department of Forestry, Washington Dept. of Natural Resources. 105 p.

Cannon, Michelle. 2008. unpublished data, on file Portland, Oregon

Cannon, Michelle M. D. 2011. The use of burned forest by breeding birds following the Biscuit Fire in southwest Oregon. PhD Dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 221 pp.

Carey, Andrew B., and M.L. Johnson. 1995. Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:336-352.

Carey, Andrew B., and Constance A. Harrington. 2001. Small mammals in young forests: implications for management for sustainability. Forest Ecology and Management 154:289-309.

Carey, Andrew B., Catherine Elliott, Bruce R. Lippke, John Sessions, Charles J. Chambers, Chadwick D. Oliver, Jerry F. Franklin, Martin G. Raphael. 1996. A pragmatic, ecological approach to small landscape management: final report of the biodiversity pathways working group of the WA Forest Landscape Management Proj., Rpt. 2, WA DNR, Olympia, 150 pp.

Carey, Andrew B., Janet Kershner, Brian L. Biswell, and Laura Dominguez de Toledo. 1999. Ecological scale and forest development: squirrels, dietary fungi, and vascular plants in managed and unmanaged forests. Wildlife Mongraphs 142:1-71.

Carey, Andrew B., T.M. Wilson, C.C. Maguire, and Brian L. Biswell. 1997. Dens of northern flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Wildlife Management 61(3):684-699.

Carey, A.J. 1995. Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:648-661.

Carter, D.W. 1993. The importance of seral stage and coarse woody debris to the abundance and distribution of deer mice on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. M.S. Thesis, Simon Fraser Univ., B.C., 105 pp.

Caton, Elaine L. 1996. Effects of fire and salvage logging on the cavity-nesting bird community in northwestern Montana. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. Montana, Missoula. 115 pp.

Chambers, Carol L., T. Carrigan, T.E. Sabin, John Tappeiner, and William C. McComb. 1997. Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting birds. West. Journal of Applied Forestery 12:93-97.

Chappell, Christopher B., Rex C. Crawford, Charley Barrett, Jimmy Kagan, David H. Johnson, Mikel O’Mealy, Greg A. Green, Howard L. Ferguson, W. Daniel Edge, Eva L. Greda, and Thomas A. O’Neil. 2001. Wildlife habitats: Descriptions, status, trends, and system dynamics. Pp. 22-114 in: D.H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. Chappell et al. 2001

Childs, T.W. 1963. Poria weirii root rot. Phytopathology. 53:1124-1127.

Chen, Y., L. D. Hansen, and J. J. Brown. 2003. Nesting Sites of the Carpenter Ant, Camponotus vicinus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Northern Idaho. Environmental Entomology 31(6):1037-1042.

Clarkson, D.A., and L. Scott Mills. 1994. Hypogeous sporocarps in forest remnants and clearcuts in southwest Oregon. Northwest Science 68(4):259-265.

Cline, S.P., A.B. Berg, and H.M Wight. 1980. Snag characteristics and dynamics in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 44:773-786.

Conway, C.J., and T.E. Martin. 1993. Habitat suitability for Williamson's sapsuckers in mixed-conifer forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:322-328.

Corkran, Char C., Joan C. Hagar, and David J. Vesely. 1997. Microhabitat selection by Oregon slender salamanders (Batrachoseps wrighti) in the western Oregon Cascades. 1997 Project Rpt., Contract NG 97-1-04, Oregon Department Fish and Wildlife. 8 pp.

Corn, Janelle G., and Martin G. Raphael. 1992. Habitat characteristics at marten subnivean access sites. Journal of Wildlife Management 56(3):442-448.

Corn, P.S., and R.B. Bury. 1991. Small mammal communities in the Oregon Coast Range. in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Corn, P.S., and R.B. Bury. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Coast Range. pp 305-317 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.

Corn, P.S., R.B. Bury, and T.A. Spies. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington: Is the abundance of small mammals related to stand age and moisture? pp 340-352 in Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E. Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.

Covert-Bratland, Kristin A., William M. Block, and Tad C. Theimer. 2006. Hairy woodpecker winter ecology in ponderosa pine forests representing different ages since wildfire. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(5):1379-1392.

Craig, Vanessa J., Walt Klenner, Michael C. Feller, and Thomas P. Sullivan. 2006. Relationships between deer mice and downed wood in managed forests of southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2189-2203.


Crampton, L.H., and R.M.R. Barclay. 1998. Selection of roosting and foraging habitat by bats in different-aged aspen mixedwood stands. Conservation Biology 12(6):1347-1358.

Crawford, R. H., S. E. Carpenter, and M. E. Harmon. 1990. Communities of filamentous fungi and yeast in decomposing logs of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mycologia 82(6):759-765.

Crockett, A.B., and H.H. Hadow. 1975. Nest site selection by Williamson and red-naped sapsuckers. Condor 77:365-368.

Cross, S.P., H. Launchstedt, and C. Harmes. 1996. Final report characterizing forest roost sites of some bats of special concern occurring on Roseburg and Medford BLM districts. Unpublished report. 47 pp.


Daily, G.C., P.R., Ehrlich, and N.M. Haddad. 1993. Double keystone bird in a keystone species complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Science 90:592-594.

Dixon, Rita D. 1995. Ecology of white-headed woodpeckers in the central Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis., Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 148 pp.

Doyle, A.T. 1987. Microhabitat separation among sympatric microtines, Clethrionomys californicus, Microtus oregoni and M. richardsoni. Am. Midl. Nat. 118:258-265.

Doyle, A.T. 1990. Use of riparian and upland habitats by small mammals. Journal of Mammology 71(1):14-23.

Duncan, Sally. 2003. Coming home to roost: the pileated woodpecker as ecosystem engineer. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland , OR . Science Findings No. 57.

Dupuis, L.A., J.N.M. Smith, and F. Bunnell. 1995. Relation of terrestrial-breeding amphibian abundance to tree-stand age. Conservation Biology 9:645-653.

Erickson, Janet L. and Stephen D. West. 2003. Associations of bats with local structure and landscape features of forested stands in western Oregon and Washington. Biological Conservation 109(1):95-102.

Everett, R.L., A.E. Camp, and R. Schellhaas. 1995. Building a new forest with fire protection in mind. Fire Protection Working Group Technical Session, SAF National Convention, October 28-November 1, 1995; Portland, Maine.

Everett, Richard, John Lehmkuhl, Richard Schellhaas, Pete Ohlson, David Keenum, Heidi Riesterer, and Don Spurbeck. 1999. Snag dynamics in a chronosequence of 26 wildfires on the east slope of the Cascade Range in Washington State, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 9(4):223-234.

Finn, S. P., D. E. Varland, and J. M. Marzluff. 2002. Does northern goshawk breeding occupancy vary with nest-stand characteristics on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington? Journal of Raptor Research 36(4):265-279.

Feen, J.S. 1997. Winter den sites of northern flying squirrels in Douglas-fir forests of the south-central Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 45 pp.

Forristal, Christopher D. 2009. Influence of postfire salvage logging on black-backed woodpecker nest-site selection and nest survival. MS Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. 93 pp.

Forrisstal, Chris, Vicki Saab, and Amy Markus. 2007. Examining the influence of post-wildfire timber harvest on sensitive woodpecker reproduction. Progress Report, Fremont National Forest, Oregon. Unpubl. Rept. 10 pp. Forristal et al. 2007

Foster, D. R., D. H. Knight, and J. F. Franklin. 1998. Landscape patterns and legacies resulting from large, infrequent forest disturbances. Ecosystems 1:497-510.

Foster, W.L. and J. Tate, Jr. 1966. The activities and coactions of animals at sapsucker trees. Living Bird 5:87-113.

Franklin, J. F., D. Lindenmayer, J. A. MacMahon, A. McKee, J. Magnuson, D. A. Perry, R. Waide, and D. Foster. 2000. Threads of continuity. Conservation Biology in Practice 1(1):9-16.

Franzreb, K.E. 1985. Foraging ecology of brown creepers in a mixed coniferous forest. Journal of Field Ornithology 56:9-16.

Frazier, M.W. 1997. Roost site characteristics of the long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) in theTeanaway River Valley of Washington. M.S. Thesis., Univ. Washington, Seattle. 58 pp.

Frenzel, Richard W. 1999. Nest-sites and nesting success of white-headed woodpeckers on the Winema and Deschutes National Forests, Oregon in 1998. Oreg. Nat. Heritage Prgm., Portland, OR. Unpubl. Rpt. 26 pp. plus figures.

Frenzel, Richard W. 2001. Nest-sites, nesting success, and turnover-rates of white-headed woodpeckers on the Deschutes and Winema National Forests, Oregon in 1999. Oreg. Nat. Heritage Prgm., Portland, OR. Unpubl. Rpt. 33 pp. plus tables and figures.

Frenzel, R.W. 2004. Nest-site occupancy, nesting success, and turnover rates of white-headed woodpeckers in the Oregon Cascade Mountains in 2004. Audubon Society of Portland, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service, Portland, OR. Unpubl. Rept. 35 pp.

Frenzel, Richard W. Unpublished Data. On file with USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR.

Fule, P. Z., A. E. M. Waltz, W. W. Covington, and T. A. Heinlein. 2001. Measuring forest restoration effectiveness in reducing hazardous fuels. Journal of Forestry 99(11):24-29.


Galen, C. 1989. A preliminary assessment of the status of the Lewis' woodpecker in Wasco County, Oregon. Tech. Rpt. 88-3-01. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nongame Wildlife Program. 22 pp.

Garman, S.L. and E. K. Cole. 1999. Vertebrate habitat relationships data bank (VHRDB). Oregon State Univ., Dept Forest Sciences, Corvallis, OR. Unp. Report. 77 pp.

George, T. Luke and Steve Zack. 2001. Spatial and temporal considerations in restoring habitat for wildlife. Restoration Ecology 9(3):272-279.

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