DecAID Literature List
Agee,
J.K. 1993. Fire
ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press; 493
p.
Agee, J.K. 1998. The landscape ecology of western forest fire regimes. Northwest Science 72 (special issue):24-34.
Agee, James K. 2002. Fire as a coarse filter for snags and logs. In: Laudenslayer,
William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E.,
technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management
of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/029_Agee.pdf
Akenson, J.J., Mark G. Henjum, and D.W. Carroll. 1997. Denning ecology of
black bear in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Sixth Western Black
Bear Workshop, Ocean Shores, WA.
Alkaslassy, Edmond. 2005. Abundance of Plethodontid salamaders in relation to coarse woody debris in low elevation mixed forest of the western Cascades. Northwest Science 79(2-3):156-163.
Amaranthus, M. P., D. S. Parrish, and D. A. Perry. 1989. Decaying logs as
moisture reservoirs after drought and wildfire. (pp. 191-194) In: E. Alexander
(Ed.). Stewardship of soil, air and water resources. Wathershed 89. R10-MB-77.
USDA Forest Service, Region 10, Juneau, Alaska.
Amaranthus, M. P., D. Page-Dumroese, A. Harvey, E. Cazares, and L. F. Bednar.
1996. Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal
and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity. USDA Forest Service
Research Paper PNW-RP-494. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research
Station, Portland OR. 12 pp.
Amaranthus, M. and D. Pilz. 1996. Productivity and sustainable harvest of
wild mushrooms. Pp. 42-61 in D. Pilz and R. Molina, eds. Managing forest ecosystems
to conserve fungus diversity and sustain wild mushroom harvests. Gen. Tech.
Rep. PNW-GTR-371. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research
Station. 104 p.
Amaranthus, M. P., and D. E. Steinfeld. 1997. Soil compaction after yarding
of small-diameter Douglas-fir with a small tractor in southwest Oregon. Research
Paper PNW-RP-504. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR. 7 pp.
Amaranthus, M., J.M. Trappe, L. Bendar, and D.Arthur. 1994. Hypogeous fungal
production in mature Douglas-fir forest fragments and surrounding plantations
and its relation to coarse woody debris and animal mycophagy. Canadian Journal of Forest
Research 24:2157-2165.
Arnett, Edward B. 2007. Presence, relative abundance, and resource selection
of bats in managed forest landscapes in western Oregon. PhD Dissertation.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 223 pp.
Arnett, Edward B., John P. Hayes. 2009. Use of conifer snags as roosts by female bates in western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(2):214-225.
Aubry, Keith B. 2000. Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests.
Journal of Wildlife Management 64(4):1041-1052.
Aubry, K.B., and C.M. Raley. 2002. Selection of nest and roost trees by pileated
woodpeckers in coastal forests of Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(2):392-406.
Aubry, Keith B., and P.A. Hall. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in
the southern Washington Cascade Range. pp 327-338 in Ruggiero, Leonard
F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife
and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW
Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Aubry, Keith B., L.L.C. Jones, and P.A.Hall. 1988. Use of woody debris by
Plethodontid salamanders in Douglas-fir forests in Washington. pp 32-37 in Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E. Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management
of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of
the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.
Aubry, Keith B., M.J. Crites, and S.D. West. 1991. Regional patterns of small
mammal abundance and community composition in Oregon and Washington. pp 285-294 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark
H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests.
USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Baker, Michael D. and Michael J. Lacki. 2006. Day-roosting
habitat of female long-legged myotis in ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Wildlife
Management 70(1):207-215.
Baker, Michael D., Michael J. Lacki, Greg A. Falxa, and P. Lee Droppelman, Ryan A. Slack, and Scott A. Slankard. 2008. Habitat use of pallid bats in conifereous forests of northern California. Northwest Science 82(4):269-275.
Baker, W.L., and D. Ehle. 2001. Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:1205-1226.
Bakker, J.J. and K. Hastings. 2002. Den trees used by northern flying squirrels
(Glaucomys sabrinus) in southeastern Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80(9):1623-1633.
Barclay, Robert M.R., and R. Mark Brigham. 2001. Year-to-year reuse of tree-roosts
by California bats (Myotis californicus) in southern British Columbia.
American Midland Naturalist 146(1):80-85.
Bate, L.J. 1995. Monitoring woodpecker abundance and habitat in the central
Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 116 pp.
Bate, Lisa J. 2001. Effects of fire on cavity nesting birds. Unpublished Report
on file. USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR. 26 pp.
Bate, Lisa J. 2001. Woodpeckers and their habitat use in the Columbia River
Basin Region: A literature review. Unpublished Report on file. USDA Forest
Service, Portland, OR. 69 pp.
Bate, Lisa J., and Vicki Saab. 2005. Birds and burns network pre-treatment
vegetation analysis snags, stumps and trees. Progress Report. 109 pp.
Bate, Lisa J., Torolf R. Torgersen, Edward O. Garton, and Michael J. Wisdom.
2002. Accuracy and efficiency of methods to sample logs for wildlife research
and management. pp. 817-822 In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine,
Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings
of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests.
1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific
Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/060_BateLog.pdf
Bate, L.J.; Torgersen, T.R.; Wisdom, M.J.; Garton, E.O.; Clabough, S.C. 2008. Log sampling methods and software for stand and landscape analyses. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-746. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 93 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr746.pdf
Bate, L.J.; Torgersen, T.R.; Wisdom, M.J.; Garton, E.O.; Clabough, S.C. 2008. SnagPRO: Snag and tree sampling and analysis methods for wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-780. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 80 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr780.pdf
Bennetts, R.E., G.C. White, F.G. Hawksworth, and S.E. Severs. 1996. The influence
of dwarf mistletoe on bird communities in Colorado ponderosa pine forests.
Ecological Applications 6(3):899-909.
Beschta, Robert L., Jonathan J. Rhodes, J. Boone Kauffman, Robert E. Gresswell,
G. Wayne Minshall, James R. Karr, David A. Perry, E. Richard Hauer, and Christopher
A. Frissell. 2004. Postfire management on forested public lands of the western
United States. Conservation Biology 18(4):957-967.
Betts, B.J. 1998. Roosts used by maternity colonies of silver-haired bats
in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Mammology 79:643-650.
Betts, B.J. 1996. Roosting behavior of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris
noctivagans) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Northeast
Oregon. Pp 55-61. in Barclay, R.M. and R.M. Brigham, editors. Bats
and forests symposium, October 19-21, 1995, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Res. Br.,
B.C. Min. For., Victoria B.C. Working Paper 23/1996.
Bevis, K.R. 1994. Primary cavity-excavator birds in managed and unmanaged
grand fir forest habitats of central Washington's east Cascades. M.S. Thesis.
Central Washington Univ., Yakima, WA. 141 pp.
Bevis, Kenneth R., and Gina King. 2005. Northern flying squirrel winter den
sites on the Yakama Reservation, Washington. Presented at WA TWS meetings.
Abstract.
Blessing, B.J., E.P. Phenix, L.L.C. Jones, and Martin G. Raphael. 1999. Nests
of VanDyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.
Northwestern Naturalist 80:77-81.
Bock, C.E. 1970. The ecology and behavior of the Lewis woodpecker (Asyndesmus
lewis). Univ. Calif. Publ. in Zool. First ed. Vol. 92. Berkeley, Univ.
California Press. 100 pp.
Bock, C.E. and J.H. Bock. 1974. On the geographical ecology and evolution
of the three-toed woodpeckers, Picoides tridactylus and P. arcticus.
American Midland Naturalist 92(2):397-405.
Bonnot,
Thomas W. 2006. Nesting ecology of black-backed woodpeckers in mountain pine
beetle infestations in the Black Hills, South Dakota. MS Thesis. Univ. Missouri-Columbia,
Columbia, Missouri, 77 pp.
Bowman, J. C., D. Sleep, G. J. Forbes, and M. Edwards. 2000. The association
of small mammals with coarse woody debris at log and stand scales. Forest
Ecology and Management 129(1-3):119-124.
Brett, T.A. 1998. Habitat associations of woodpeckers at multiple scales in
managed forests of the southern Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis.
Brigham, R.M., M.J. Vonhof, R.M.R. Barclay, and J.C. Gwilliam. 1997. Roosting
behavior and roost-site preferences of forest-dwelling California bats (Myotis
californicus). Journal of Mammology 78:1231-1239.
Brown, James K., Elizabeth D. Reinhardt, and Kylie A. Kramer. 2003. Coarse
woody debris: Managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest.
Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS_GTR-105. Ogden UT. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain
Research Station. 16p. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr105.pdf
Buchanan, J.B., J.C. Lewis, D.J. Pierce, E.D. Forsman, Brian L. Biswell. 1999.
Characteristics of young forests used by spotted owls on the western Olympic
Peninsula, Washington. Northwest Science 73(4):255-263.
Buchanan, Joseph B., Russell E. Rogers, D. John Pierce, and John E. Jacobson. 2003. Nest-site habitat use by white-headed woodpeckers in the eastern Cascade Mountains, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 84:119-128.
Buhler, Matt L., and Stanley H. Anderson. 2001. Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park,
Wyoming. Western North American Naturalist 61(2):236-240.
Bull, Evelyn L. Unpublished Data. On file at USDA Forest Service Forest and
Range Sciences Lab., LaGrande, OR.
Bull, E.L. 2001. Survivorship of pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon.
Journal of Field Ornithology 72(1):131-135.
Bull,
Evelyn L., Abe A. Clark, and Jay F. Shepherd. 2005. Short-term effects of
fuel reduction on pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon - a pilot study.
PNW-RP-564, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland,
Oregon. 17 pp.
Bull, Evelyn L., Thad W. Heater, and Jay F. Shepard. 2005 Habitat selection
by the American marten in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 79(1):37-43.
Bull, Evelyn L., and T.W. Heater. 2000. Resting and denning sites of American
martens in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 74(3):179-185.
Bull, Evelyn L. 1998. Progress report: diet and habitat use by black bears
in northeastern Oregon. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, LaGrande,
OR.
Bull, Evelyn L. 1991. Summer roosts and roosting behavior of Vaux’s
swifts in old-growth forests. Northwestern Naturalist. 72:78-82.
Bull, Evelyn L. 1987. Ecology of the pileated woodpecker in northeastern Oregon.
Journal of Wildlife Management 51(2):472-481.
Bull, Evelyn L. 1983. Longevity of snags and their use by woodpeckers. in
Davis, J.W., G.A. Goodwin, and R.A. Ockenfels, tech. coords. Snag habitat
management: proceedings of the symposium. USDA Forest Service, GTR-RM-99.,
Rocky Mnt. For. Range Exp. St., Fort Collins, CO.
Bull, Evelyn L. 1980. Resource partitioning among woodpeckers in northeastern
Oregon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 109 pp.
Bull, Evelyn L. 1975. Habitat utilization of the pileated woodpecker, Blue
Mountains, Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 58 pp.
Bull, Evelyn L., A.L. Wright, and Mark G. Henjum. 1990. Nesting habitat of
flammulated owls in Oregon. Journal of Raptor Research 24:52-55.
Bull, Evelyn L., and H.D. Cooper. 1991. Vaux's swift nests in hollow trees.
Western Birds 22:85-91.
Bull, Evelyn L., and Janet E. Hohmann. 1993. The association between Vaux's
swifts and old growth forests in northeastern Oregon. Western Birds 24:38-42.
Bull, Evelyn L., Catherine G. Parks, and Torolf R. Torgersen. 1997. Trees
and logs important to wildlife in the interior Columbia River Basin. USDA
Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Portland, OR. PNW-GTR-391. 55 pp.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr391/
Bull,
Evelyn L., Janet E. Hohmann, and Mark G. Henjum. 1987. Northern pygmy-owl
nests in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Raptor Research 21:77-78.
Bull, Evelyn L., James J. Akenson, and Mark G. Henjum. 2000. Characteristics
of black bear dens in trees and logs in northeastern Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist
81:148-153.
Bull, Evelyn L., Richard S. Holthausen, and Mark G. Henjum. 1992. Roost trees
used by pileated woodpeckers in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 56:786-793.
Bull, Evelyn L., Torolf R. Torgersen, Arlene K. Blumton, Carol M. McKenzie,
and Dave S. Wyland. 1995. Treatment of an old-growth stand and its effects
on birds, ants, and large woody debris: A case study. USDA Forest Service,
PNW Research Station. PNW-GTR-353. 12 pp.
Bull, Evelyn L., and Richard S. Holthausen. 1993. Habitat use and management
of pileated woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 57(2):335-345.
Bunnell, Fred L., Toby Spribille, Isabelle Houde, Trevor Goward, and Curtis Bjork. 2008. Lichens on down wood in logged and unlogged forest stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:1033-1041.
Bury, R.B., and P.S. Corn. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Oregon and Washington
Cascades: Relation of the herptofauna to stand age and moisture. pp11-22 in Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E. Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management
of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America- proceedings of
the symposium. USDA, Forest Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.
Buskirk, S.W., S.C Forrest, Martin G. Raphael, and H.J. Harlow. 1989. Winter
resting site ecology of marten in the central Rocky Mountains. Journal of Wildlife Management
53(1):191-196.
Butts, Sally R. , and William C. McComb. 2000. Association of forest-floor
vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests of western Oregon.
Journal of Wildlife Management 64(1):95-104.
Butts, Sally R. 1997. Associations of forest floor vertebrates with coarse
woody debris in managed forests, Western Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis. 60 pp.
Cahall, Rebecca E. 2007. Influences of salvage logging on forest birds after fire in the eastern Cascades, Oregon. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 132 pp.
Cahall, Rebecca E., and John P. Hayes. 2009. Influences of postfire salvage logging on forest birds in the Eastern Cascades, Oregon, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1119-1128.
Call, D.R., R.J. Gutierrez, and J. Verner. 1992. Foraging habitat and home-range
characteristics of California spotted owls in the Sierra Nevada. Condor 94:880-888.
Campbell, L.A. 1993. Bat diversity and habitat use in managed forets of northeastern
Washington. MS Thesis. Washington State Univ., Pullman. 37pp.
Campbell, L.A., J.G. Hallett, and M.A. O'Connell. 1996.Conservation of bats
in managed forests: use of roosts by Lasionycteris noctivagans. Journal of
Mammology 77:976-984.
Campbell, S., and L.Kiegel, tech cords. 1996. Disturbance and forest health
in Oregon and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-381. Portland, OR: USDA
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region; Oregon Department of Forestry, Washington
Dept. of Natural Resources. 105 p.
Cannon, Michelle. 2008. unpublished data, on file Portland, Oregon
Cannon, Michelle M. D. 2011. The use of burned forest by breeding birds following the Biscuit Fire in southwest Oregon. PhD Dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 221 pp.
Carey,
Andrew B., and M.L. Johnson. 1995. Small mammals in managed, naturally young,
and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:336-352.
Carey, Andrew B., and Constance A. Harrington. 2001. Small mammals in young
forests: implications for management for sustainability. Forest Ecology and
Management 154:289-309.
Carey, Andrew B., Catherine Elliott, Bruce R. Lippke, John Sessions, Charles
J. Chambers, Chadwick D. Oliver, Jerry F. Franklin, Martin G. Raphael. 1996.
A pragmatic, ecological approach to small landscape management: final report
of the biodiversity pathways working group of the WA Forest Landscape Management
Proj., Rpt. 2, WA DNR, Olympia, 150 pp.
Carey, Andrew B., Janet Kershner, Brian L. Biswell, and Laura Dominguez de
Toledo. 1999. Ecological scale and forest development: squirrels, dietary
fungi, and vascular plants in managed and unmanaged forests. Wildlife Mongraphs
142:1-71.
Carey, Andrew B., T.M. Wilson, C.C. Maguire, and Brian L. Biswell. 1997. Dens
of northern flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Wildlife Management 61(3):684-699.
Carey, A.J. 1995. Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests.
Ecological Applications 5:648-661.
Carter, D.W. 1993. The importance of seral stage and coarse woody debris to
the abundance and distribution of deer mice on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
M.S. Thesis, Simon Fraser Univ., B.C., 105 pp.
Caton, Elaine L. 1996. Effects of fire and salvage logging on the cavity-nesting
bird community in northwestern Montana. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. Montana,
Missoula. 115 pp.
Chambers, Carol L., T. Carrigan, T.E. Sabin, John Tappeiner, and William C.
McComb. 1997. Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting
birds. West. Journal of Applied Forestery 12:93-97.
Chappell, Christopher B., Rex C. Crawford, Charley Barrett, Jimmy Kagan, David
H. Johnson, Mikel O’Mealy, Greg A. Green, Howard L. Ferguson, W. Daniel
Edge, Eva L. Greda, and Thomas A. O’Neil. 2001. Wildlife habitats: Descriptions,
status, trends, and system dynamics. Pp. 22-114 in: D.H. Johnson and T. A.
O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon
State University Press, Corvallis OR. Chappell et al. 2001
Childs, T.W. 1963. Poria weirii root rot. Phytopathology. 53:1124-1127.
Chen, Y., L. D. Hansen, and J. J. Brown. 2003. Nesting Sites of the Carpenter
Ant, Camponotus vicinus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Northern
Idaho. Environmental Entomology 31(6):1037-1042.
Clarkson, D.A., and L. Scott Mills. 1994. Hypogeous sporocarps in forest remnants
and clearcuts in southwest Oregon. Northwest Science 68(4):259-265.
Cline, S.P., A.B. Berg, and H.M Wight. 1980. Snag characteristics and dynamics
in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 44:773-786.
Conway, C.J., and T.E. Martin. 1993. Habitat suitability for Williamson's
sapsuckers in mixed-conifer forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:322-328.
Corkran, Char C., Joan C. Hagar, and David J. Vesely. 1997. Microhabitat selection
by Oregon slender salamanders (Batrachoseps wrighti) in the western
Oregon Cascades. 1997 Project Rpt., Contract NG 97-1-04, Oregon Department
Fish and Wildlife. 8 pp.
Corn, Janelle G., and Martin G. Raphael. 1992. Habitat characteristics at
marten subnivean access sites. Journal of Wildlife Management 56(3):442-448.
Corn, P.S., and R.B. Bury. 1991. Small mammal communities in the Oregon Coast
Range. in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and
Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir
forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland,
OR.
Corn, P.S., and R.B. Bury. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the
Oregon Coast Range. pp 305-317 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry,
Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation
of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station,
PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Corn, P.S., R.B. Bury, and T.A. Spies. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Cascade
Mountains of Oregon and Washington: Is the abundance of small mammals related
to stand age and moisture? pp 340-352 in Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E.
Severson, and David R.Patton, tech. coords. Management of amphibians, reptiles,
and small mammals in North America- proceedings of the symposium. USDA, Forest
Service, GTR-RM-166. Fort Collins, CO.
Covert-Bratland,
Kristin A., William M. Block, and Tad C. Theimer. 2006. Hairy woodpecker winter
ecology in ponderosa pine forests representing different ages since wildfire.
Journal of Wildlife Management 70(5):1379-1392.
Craig, Vanessa J., Walt Klenner, Michael C. Feller, and Thomas P. Sullivan. 2006. Relationships between deer mice and downed wood in managed forests of southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2189-2203.
Crampton, L.H., and R.M.R. Barclay. 1998. Selection of roosting and foraging
habitat by bats in different-aged aspen mixedwood stands. Conservation Biology 12(6):1347-1358.
Crawford, R. H., S. E. Carpenter, and M. E. Harmon. 1990. Communities of filamentous
fungi and yeast in decomposing logs of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mycologia 82(6):759-765.
Crockett, A.B., and H.H. Hadow. 1975. Nest site selection by Williamson and
red-naped sapsuckers. Condor 77:365-368.
Cross, S.P., H. Launchstedt, and C. Harmes. 1996. Final report characterizing
forest roost sites of some bats of special concern occurring on Roseburg and
Medford BLM districts. Unpublished report. 47 pp.
Daily, G.C., P.R., Ehrlich, and N.M. Haddad. 1993. Double
keystone bird in a keystone species complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Science 90:592-594.
Dixon, Rita D. 1995. Ecology of white-headed woodpeckers in the central Oregon
Cascades. M.S. Thesis., Univ. Idaho, Moscow. 148 pp.
Doyle, A.T. 1987. Microhabitat separation among sympatric microtines, Clethrionomys
californicus, Microtus oregoni and M. richardsoni. Am. Midl.
Nat. 118:258-265.
Doyle, A.T. 1990. Use of riparian and upland habitats by small mammals. Journal of
Mammology 71(1):14-23.
Duncan,
Sally. 2003. Coming home to roost: the pileated woodpecker as ecosystem engineer.
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland , OR . Science
Findings No. 57.
Dupuis,
L.A., J.N.M. Smith, and F. Bunnell. 1995. Relation of terrestrial-breeding
amphibian abundance to tree-stand age. Conservation Biology 9:645-653.
Erickson, Janet L. and Stephen D. West. 2003. Associations
of bats with local structure and landscape features of forested stands in
western Oregon and Washington. Biological Conservation 109(1):95-102.
Everett, R.L., A.E. Camp, and R. Schellhaas. 1995. Building a new forest with
fire protection in mind. Fire Protection Working Group Technical Session,
SAF National Convention, October 28-November 1, 1995; Portland, Maine.
Everett, Richard, John Lehmkuhl, Richard Schellhaas, Pete Ohlson, David Keenum,
Heidi Riesterer, and Don Spurbeck. 1999. Snag dynamics in a chronosequence
of 26 wildfires on the east slope of the Cascade Range in Washington State,
USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 9(4):223-234.
Finn, S. P., D. E. Varland, and J. M. Marzluff. 2002. Does northern goshawk
breeding occupancy vary with nest-stand characteristics on the Olympic Peninsula,
Washington? Journal of Raptor Research 36(4):265-279.
Feen, J.S. 1997. Winter den sites of northern flying squirrels in Douglas-fir
forests of the south-central Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis., Oregon State Univ.,
Corvallis. 45 pp.
Forristal, Christopher D. 2009. Influence of postfire salvage logging on black-backed woodpecker nest-site selection and nest survival. MS Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. 93 pp.
Forrisstal,
Chris, Vicki Saab, and Amy Markus. 2007. Examining the influence of post-wildfire
timber harvest on sensitive woodpecker reproduction. Progress Report, Fremont
National Forest, Oregon. Unpubl. Rept. 10 pp. Forristal et al. 2007
Foster, D. R., D. H. Knight, and J. F. Franklin. 1998. Landscape patterns
and legacies resulting from large, infrequent forest disturbances. Ecosystems
1:497-510.
Foster, W.L. and J. Tate, Jr. 1966. The activities and coactions of animals
at sapsucker trees. Living Bird 5:87-113.
Franklin, J. F., D. Lindenmayer, J. A. MacMahon, A. McKee, J. Magnuson, D.
A. Perry, R. Waide, and D. Foster. 2000. Threads of continuity. Conservation
Biology in Practice 1(1):9-16.
Franzreb, K.E. 1985. Foraging ecology of brown creepers in a mixed coniferous
forest. Journal of Field Ornithology 56:9-16.
Frazier, M.W. 1997. Roost site characteristics of the long-legged myotis (Myotis
volans) in theTeanaway River Valley of Washington. M.S. Thesis., Univ.
Washington, Seattle. 58 pp.
Frenzel, Richard W. 1999. Nest-sites and nesting success of white-headed woodpeckers
on the Winema and Deschutes National Forests, Oregon in 1998. Oreg. Nat. Heritage
Prgm., Portland, OR. Unpubl. Rpt. 26 pp. plus figures.
Frenzel, Richard W. 2001. Nest-sites, nesting success, and turnover-rates
of white-headed woodpeckers on the Deschutes and Winema National Forests,
Oregon in 1999. Oreg. Nat. Heritage Prgm., Portland, OR. Unpubl. Rpt. 33 pp.
plus tables and figures.
Frenzel, R.W. 2004. Nest-site occupancy, nesting success, and turnover rates
of white-headed woodpeckers in the Oregon Cascade Mountains in 2004. Audubon
Society of Portland, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Land
Management, and U.S. Forest Service, Portland, OR. Unpubl. Rept. 35 pp.
Frenzel, Richard W. Unpublished Data. On file with USDA Forest Service, Portland,
OR.
Fule, P. Z., A. E. M. Waltz, W. W. Covington, and T. A. Heinlein. 2001. Measuring
forest restoration effectiveness in reducing hazardous fuels. Journal of Forestry
99(11):24-29.
Galen, C. 1989. A preliminary assessment of the status
of the Lewis' woodpecker in Wasco County, Oregon. Tech. Rpt. 88-3-01. Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nongame Wildlife Program. 22 pp.
Garman, S.L. and E. K. Cole. 1999. Vertebrate habitat relationships data bank
(VHRDB). Oregon State Univ., Dept Forest Sciences, Corvallis, OR. Unp. Report.
77 pp.
George, T. Luke and Steve Zack. 2001. Spatial and temporal considerations
in restoring habitat for wildlife. Restoration Ecology 9(3):272-279.
Giese, A.R., E.F. Arnheim, and E.D. Forsman. 1997. Patch selection by northern
pygmy owls in fragmented forests on the Olympic Peninsula, WA. Progress Report.
Oregon State Univ., Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR. 11 pp.
Gilbert, F.F., and R. Allwine. 1991. Small mammal communities in the Oregon
Cascade Range. pp 257-266 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry,
Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation
of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station,
PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Goggans, Rebecca 1986. Habitat use by flammulated owls in northeastern Oregon.
M.S. Thesis., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Goggans, Rebecca, Rita D. Dixon, L.C. Seminara. 1988. Habitat use by three-toed
and black-backed woodpeckers, Deschutes National Forest, Oregon. Nongame Rpt.
87-3-02. Oregon Dept. Fish and Wildlife; Deschutes National Forest, Bend,
OR. 49 pp.
Gomez, D.M. 1992. Small mammal and herpetofauna abundance in riparian and
upslope areas of five forest conditions. M.S. Thesis., Oregon State Univ.,
Corvallis. 118 pp.
Graham, R. L. L. 1981. Biomass dynamics of dead Douglas-fir and western hemlock
boles in mid- elevation forests of the Cascade Range. Ph.D. Dissertation,
Department of Forestry. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 152 pp.
Graham, R. L., and K. Cromack. 1982. Mass, nutrient content, and decay rate
of dead boles in rain forests of Olympic National Park. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
12:511-521.
Graham, Russell T., Alan E. Harvey, Martin F. Jugensen, Theresa B. Jain, Jonalea
R. Tonn, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese. 1994. Managing coarse woody debris in forests
of the Rocy Mountains. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station,
Research Paper INT-RP-477, Ogden, UT. 13 pp.
Gray, A. N. and T. A. Spies. 1997. Microsite controls on tree seedling establishment
in conifer forest canopy gaps. Ecology 78:2458-2473.
Grossman, D.H., D. Faber-Langendoen, A.W. Weakley, and others.1998. International
Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation of the United
States. Volume I: The National Vegetation Classification Standard. The Nature
Conservancy, Boulder CO.
Gutzwiller, K.J., and S.H. Anderson. 1986. Trees used simultaneously and sequentially
by breeding cavity-nesting birds. Great Basin Naturalist 46:358-360.
Gyug, L.W., C. Steeger, and I. Ohanjanian. 2009. Characteristics and densities of Williamson's sapsucker nest trees in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39:2319-2331.
Hacker, A.L., and B.E. Coblentz. 1993. Habitat selection
by mountain beavers recolonizing Oregon Coast Range clearcuts. Journal of Wildlife Management
57(4):847-853.
Hadfield, J.S., D.J. Goheen, G.M. Filip, C.L. Schmitt, and R.D. Harvey. 1986.
USDA Forest Service, Pacific NW Region, Forest Pest Mgmt, Rep. R6-FPM-250-86.
27 p.
Hagar, J.C., W.C. McComb, and W.H. Emmingham. 1996. Bird communities in commercially
thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stands of western Oregon. Wildlife Soc. Bulletin
24:353-366.
Haggard, Maryellen, and William L. Gaines. 2001. Effects of stand-replacement
fire and salvage logging on a cavity-nesting bird community in eastern Cascades,
Washington. Northwest Science 75(4):387-396.
Hallett, J.G., and M.A. O'Connell. 1997. Habitat occupancy and population
patterns of small mammals in managed forests. in Hallet, J.G. and M.A.
O'Connell. Wildlife use of managed forests: a landscape perspective. Volume
3. East-side studies research restults. Timber, Fish and Wildlife Workshop.
TFW-WL4-98-003. Olympia, WA.
Hansen, Andrew J., Thomas A. Spies, Fred J. Swanson, and Janet L. Ohmann.
1991. Conserving biodiversity in managed forests. Bioscience 41:382-392.
Hansen, E.M. 1976. Twenty-year survival of Phellinus (Poria) weirii in
Douglas-fir stumps. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 6:123-128.
Hansen, E.M. 1979. Survival of Phellinus weirii in Douglas-fir stumps
after logging. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 9:484-488.
Harestad, A.S., and D.G. Keisker. 1989. Nest tree use by primary-cavity nesting
birds in south central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:1067-1073.
Harmon, Mark E. 2002. Moving towards a new paradigm for woody detritus management.
In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip;
Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on
the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November
2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest
Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/071_Harm.pdf
Harmon, M. E., J. F. Franklin, F. J. Swanson, P. Sollins, S. V. Gregory, J.
D. Lattin, N. H. Anderson, S. P. Cline, N. G. Aumen, J. R. Sedell, G. W. Lienkaemper,
K. Cromack, Jr, and K. W. Cummins. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in
temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15:133-302.
Harris, M. A. 1982. Habitat use among woodpeckers in forest burns. M.S. Thesis,
Univ. Montana, Missoula. 63 pp.
Harris, Roger D. 1982. The nesting ecology of the pileated woodpecker in California.
M.S. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. 79 pp.
Harrod, Richy J., William L. Gaines, William E. Hartl, and Ann Camp. 1998.
Estimating historical snag densities in dry forests east of the Cascade Range.
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rept.
PNW-GTR-428, Portland, OR. 16 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr_428.pdf
Harrod, R.J., B.H. McRae, and W.E. Hartl. 1999. Historical stand reconstruction
in ponderosa pine forests to guide silvicultural prescriptions. Forest Ecology
and Management 114:433-446.
Hartwig, Carol L. 1999. Effect of forest age, structural elements, and prey
density on the relative abundance of pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus
abieticola) on south-eastern Vancouver Island. M.S. Thesis, University
of Victoria, B.C. 162 pp.
Hartwig, C.L., D.S. Eastman, and A.S. Harestad. 2004. Characteristics of pileated
woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) cavity trees and their patches on southeastern
Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management
187:225-234.
Harvey, A. 1993. Soil structure and function. Taped lecture as part of seminar
series Soil: The Foundation of the Ecosystem. Blue Mountains Research Institute,
Oregon. Tape produced by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland,
Oregon.
Harvey, A. E. 1994. Integrated roles for insects, diseases and decomposers
in fire dominated forests of the inland western United States: past, present
and future forest health. Pp. 211-220 in: R. N. Sampson, D. L. Adams, and
M. J. Enzer, editors. Assessing forest ecosystem health in the inland west.
Haworth Press, New York.
Harvey, A.E., M.F. Jurgensen, M.J. Larsen, and R.T. Graham. 1987. Decaying
organic materials and soil quality in the Inland Northwest: a management opportunity.
USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, GTR-INT-225, Ogden, UT. 14
pp.
Harvey, A.E., M.J. Larsen, and M.F. Jurgensen. 1979. Comparative distribution
of ectomycorrhizae in soils of three western Montana forest habitat types.
Forest Science 25(2):350-358.
Harvey, A. E., M. F. Jurgensen, and M. J. Larsen. 1976a. Intensive fiber utilization
and prescribed fire: effects on the microbial ecology of forests. USDA Forest
Service General Technical Report INT-28. Ogden, UT.
Harvey, A. E., M. J. Larson, and M. F. Jurgensen. 1976b. Distribution of ectomycorrhizae
in a mature Douglas-fir/larch forest soil in western Montana. Forest Science
22:393-398.
Harvey, A. E., J. M. Geist, G. I. McDonald, M. F. Jurgensen, P. H. Cochran,
D. Zabowski, and R. T. Meurisse. 1994. Biotic and abiotic processes in eastside
ecosystems: the effects of management on soil properties, processes, and productivity.
USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-323. Pacific Northwest Research
Station, Portland OR. 70 pp.
Hay, D.B. and M.Guntert. 1983. Seasonal selection of tree cavities by pygmy
nuthatches based on cavity characteristics. Pp 117-120. in Davis, J.W.,
G.A. Goodwin, and R.A. Ockenfels, tech. coords. Snag habitat management: proceedings
of the symposium. USDA Forest Service, GTR-RM-99., Rocky Mnt. For. Range Exp.
St., Fort Collins, CO.
Hayes, J., and S. Cross. 1987. Characteristics of logs used by western red-backed
voles, Clethrionomys californicus, and deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus.
Canadian Field Naturalist 101:543-546.
Hayward, G.D., P.H. Hayward, and E.O. Garton. 1993. Ecology of boreal owls
in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Wildlife Mongraphs 124:1-59.
Heinemeyer, K.S., and J.L. Jones. 1994. Fisher biology and management in the
western United States: a literature review and adaptive management strategy.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT.
Hejl, Sallie, Mary McFadzen, and Thomas Martin. 2000. Maintaining fire-associated
bird species across forest landscapes in the northern Rockies. INT-99543-RJVA,
Final Report. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT. 14 pp, plus 3
figures.
Hershey, K.T., E.C. Meslow, F.L. Ramsey. 1998. Characteristics of forests
at spotted owl nest sites in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(4):1398-1410.
Herter, Dale R., Lorin L. Hicks, Henning C. Stabins, Joshua J. Milspaugh,
Amy J. Stabins, and Larry D. Melampy. 2002. Roost site characteristics of
northern spotted owls in the nonbreeding season in central Washington. Forest
Science 48(2):437-444.
Hitchcox, S.M. 1996. Abundance and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds
in unlogged and salvage-logged burned forest in Northwestern Montana. M.S.
Thesis, Univ. of Montana, Missoula. 89 pp.
Hoffman, N.J. 1997. Distribution of Picoides woodpeckers in relation to habitat
disturbance within the Yellowstone area. M.S. Thesis, Montana State Univ.,
Bozeman. 74 pp.
Hogstad, Olav. 1970. On the ecology of the tree-toed woodpecker Picoides
tridactylus (L.) outside the breeding season. Nytt Magasin For.
Zoologi 18:221-227.
Hollenstein, K., R. L. Graham, and W. D. Shepperd. 2001. Biomass flow in western
forests: simulating the effects of fuel reduction and presettlement restoration
treatments. Journal of Forestry 99(10):12-19.
Holsten, E.H., R.W. Their, A.S. Munson, and K.E. Gibson. 1999. The spruce
beetle. USDA Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet 127. 11 p.
Hostetler, B.B., and D.W. Ross. 1996. Generation of coarse woody debris and
guidelines for reducing the risk of adverse impacts by Douglas-fir beetle.
Forest Science 43(1):65-70.
Hunter, John E. and M.J. Mazurek. 2003. Characteristics of trees used by nesting
and roosting Vaux’s swifts in northwestern California. Western Birds
34(4):225-229.
Hutchison, F. T. 1951. The effects of woodpeckers on the Englemann spruce
beetle. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 73 pp.
Hutto, R.L. 1995. Composition of bird communities following stand-replacement
fires in northern Rocky Mountain (U.S.A.) conifer forests. Conservation Biology 9(5):1041-1058.
Hutto,
Richard L. and Susan M. Gallo. 2006. The effects of postfire salvage logging
on cavity-nesting birds. Condor 108:817-831.
Hyvonen, R., B. A. Olsson, H. Lundkvist, and H. Staaf. 2000. Decomposition
and nutrient release from Picea abies (L.) Karst.and Pinus sylvestris
L. logging residues. Forest Ecology and Management 126(2):97-112.
Johnson, D.H. and T. A. O'Neil, ed. 2001. Wildlife-habitat
relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis
OR. 736 pp.
Johnston, Aaron N., Robert G. Anthony. 2008. Small-mammal microhabitat associations and response to grazing in Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 72(8):1736-1746.
Jones, J.L. 1991. Habitat use of fisher in north-central Idaho. M.S. Thesis,
Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 147 pp.
Jones, L.C. 1989. Plethodon vandykei (Van Dyke's salamander): reproduction.
Herpetological Review 20:48.
Jones, L.L.C., and Martin G. Raphael. 1991. Ecology and management of marten
in fragmented habitats of the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service, PNW
Research Station, Progress Report: Fiscal year 1991. Olympia, WA. 26 pp.
Kalcounis, M.C., and R.M. Brigham. 1998. Secondary
ue of aspen cavities by tree-roosting big brown bats. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(2):603-611.
Kalcounis-Ruppell, Matina C., Jennifer M. Psyllakis, and R. Mark Brigham. 2005. Tree roost selection by bats: an empirical synthesis using meta-analysis. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(3):1123-1132.
Keen, F.P. 1929. How soon will yellow pine snags fall? Journal of Forestry.
27:735-737.
Keim, R. F., A. E. Skaugset, and D. S. Bateman. 2000. Dynamics of coarse woody
debris placed in three Oregon streams. Forest Science 46(1):13-22.
Keinath,
Douglas A., and Gregory D. Hayward. 2003. Red-backed vole (Clethrionomys
gapperi) response to disturbance in subalpine forests: use of regenerating
patches. Journal of Mammology 84(3):956-966.
Keisker, D.G. 1987. Nest tree selection by cavity-nesting birds in south central
British Columbia. Wildlife Report No. R-13. Min. of Envir. and Parks, Wildlife
Branch, Victoria, B.C. 67 pp.
Kluber, Matthew R., Deanna H. Olson, and Klaus J. Puettmann. 2009. Downed wood microclimates and their potential impact on Plethodontid salamander habitat in the Oregon Coast Range. Northwest Science 83(1):25-34.
Koenigs, E., P. J. Shea, R. Borys, and M. I. Haverty. 2002. An investigation
of the insect fauna associated with coarse woody debris of Pinus ponderosa
and Abies concolor in northeastern California. In: W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr,
P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (Ed.). Proceedings
of the Symposium on The Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests,
2-4 November 1999, Reno, Nevada. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research
Station General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181. 97-110 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/010_Koenigs.pdf
Korol, Jerome J., Miles A. Hemstrom, Wendel J. Hann, and Rebecca Gravenmier.
2002. Snags and down wood in the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management
Project. In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon,
C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium
on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November
2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest
Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 649-663
pp.
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/049_Korol.pdf
Kotliar, N.B., S.J. Hejl, R.L. Hutto, V.A. Saab, C.P. Melcher, and M.E. McFadzen.
2002. Effects of fire and post-fire salvage logging on avian communities in
conifer-dominated forests of the western United States. Studies in Avian Biology
25:49-64.
Kozma, Jeff M. 2009. Nest-site attributes and reproductive success of white-headed and hairy woodpeckers along the east-slope Cascades of Washington State. pp 52-61 IN Rich, T.D., C. Arizmendi, D. Demarest and C. Thompson [eds]. Tundrea to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People. Proceedings of the 4th International Parners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008. McAllen, TX. Partners in Flight.
Kreisel, K.J. 1998. Winter and summer bird use of burned and unburned coniferous
forests in northeastern Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington Univ.,
Cheney. 12 pp plus tables, figures, appendices.
Kreisel, K.J. and S.J. Stein. 1999. Bird use of burned and unburned coniferous
forest during winter. Wilson Bulletin 111:243-250.
LaHaye, W.S., and R.J. Gutierrez. 1999. Nest sites and
nesting habitat of the northern spotted owl in northwestern California. Condor
101:324-330.
Lacki,
Michael J. and Michael D. Baker. 2007. Day roosts of female fringed myotis
(Myotis thysanoides) in xeric forests of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of
Mammology. 88(4):967-973.
Lee, S.D. 1995. Comparison of population characteristics of three species
of shrews and the shrew-mole in habitats with different amounts of coarse
woody debris. Acta Theriol. 40:415-424.
Lehmkuhl, John F., Keith D. Kistler, and James S. Begley, . 2006. Bushy-tailed
woodrat abundance in dry forests of eastern Washington. Journal of Mammology
87(2):371-379.
Lehmkuhl,
John F., Richard L. Everett, Richard Schellhaas, Peter Ohlson, David Keenum,
Heidi Riesterer, and Donald Spurbeck. 2003. Cavities in snags along a wildfire
chronosequence in eastern Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 67(1):219-228.
Lehmkuhl, John F., Laura E. Gould, Efren Cazares, David R. Hosford. 2004.
Truffle abundance and mycophagy by northern flying squirrels in eastern Washington
forests. Forest Ecology Management 200:49-65.
Lehmkuhl,
John F., Keith D. Kistler, James S. Begley, and John Boulanger. 2006. Demography
of northern flying squirrels informs ecosystem management of western interior
forests. Ecological Applications 16(2):584-600.
Li, C. Y., and R. H. Crawford. In press. The biological significance of coarse
woody debris in forest ecosystems. (pp. xxx-xxx) In: J. C. Yang (Ed.). Sino-American
forestry technology cooperation symposium on sustainable management of temperate
and subtropical plantation ecosystems. Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan.
Li, C. Y., C. Maser, and H. Fay. 1986a. Initial survey of acetylene reduction
and selected microorganisms in the feces of 19 species of mammals. Great Basin
Naturalist 46:646-650.
Li, C. Y., C. Maser, Z. Maser, and B. A. Caldwell. 1986b. Role of three rodents
in forest nitrogen fixation in wester Oregon: another aspect of mammal-mychorrizal
fungus-tree mutualism. Great Basin Naturalist 46:411-414.
Li, P., and T. E. Martin. 1991. Nest-site selection and nesting success of
cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages. Auk 108:405-418.
Linder, K.A., and S.H. Anderson. 1998. Nesting habitat of Lewis' woodpeckers
in southeastern Wyoming. Journal of Field Ornithology 69:109-116.
Lindgren, B. S., and A. M. MacIsaac. 2002. A preliminary study of ant diversity
and of ant dependence on dead wood in central interior British Columbia. In:
W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr, P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and
T. E. Lisle (Ed.). Proceedings of the Symposium on The Ecology and Management
of Dead Wood in Western Forests, 2-4 November 1999, Reno, Nevada. USDA Forest
Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181.
(pp. 111-119). http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/011_Lindgren.pdf
Lindstrand, Len, Marcia Humes. 2009. White-headed woodpecker occurrences in Sun Pass State Forests, south-central Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist 90:212-216.
Loose, S.S., and S.H. Anderson. 1995. Woodpecker habitat use in the forests
of southeast Wyoming. Journal of Field Ornithology 66(4):503-514.
Lopushinsky, W., D. Zabowski, and T. D. Anderson. 1992. Early survival and
height growth of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings and variations in
site factors following treatment of logging residues. Research Paper PNW-RP-451.
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland OR. 22 pp.Lundquist,
Richard W. 1988. Habitat use by cavity-nesting birds in the southern Washington
Cascades. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle. 168 pp.
Lundquist, Richard W. and J.M Mariani. 1991. Nesting habitat and abundance
of snag-dependent birds in the southern Washington Cascade Range. pp 221-240 in Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark
H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests.
USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Lundquist, Richard W., and David A. Manuwal. 1990. Seasonal differences in
foraging habitat of cavity-nesting birds in the southern Washington Cascades.
Studies in Avian Biology 13:218-225.
Lundquist, Richard W. 1988. Habitat use by cavity-nesting birds in the southern Washington Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Washington, Seattle. 168 pp.
Lyons, Andrea L., William L. Gaines, John F.Lehmkuhl,Richy J. Harrod. 2008. Short-term effects of fire and fire surrogate treatments on foraging tree selection by cavity-nesting birds in dry forests of central Washington. Forest Ecology and Management 255:3203-3211.
Madsen, Sarah J. 1985. Habitat use by cavity-nesting
birds in the Okanogan National Forest, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Washington,
Seattle. 113 pp. Madsen 1985
Maguire, Chris. Unpublished data. On file at Oregon State University, Corvallis,
OR.
Mannan, R.W., E.C. Meslow, and H.M. Wight. 1980. Use of snags by birds in
Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 44(4):787-797.
Manning, Jeffrey A. and W. Daniel Edge. 2004. Small mammal survival and downed
wood at multiple scales in managed forests. Journal of Mammology 85(1):87-96.
Manning,
Jeffery A., and Daniel W. Edge. 2008. Small mammal responses to fine woody
debris and forest fuel reduction in southwest Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management
72(3):625-632.
Marcot,
B. G. 2002. An ecological functional basis for managing decaying wood for
wildlife. pp. 895-910 In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad;
Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings
of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests.
1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific
Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/068_Marcot.pdf
Marcot, B.G., K. Mellen, S.A. Livingston, and C. Odgen. 2002. The DecAID Advisory
Model: Wildlife Component. pp 561-590. In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.;
Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators.
Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in
western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181.
Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/044_MarcotDecAid.pdf
Marcot, B.G., and M. Vander Heyden. 2001. Key ecological functions of wildlife
species. Pp. 168-186 in: D.H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat
relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis
OR. Marcot and Vander Heyden 2001
Marshall, K., M. Mamone, and R. Barclay. 2000. A survey of northern spotted
owl nests in Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe brooms on the Applegate Ranger District
and Ashland Resource Area of southwest Oregon. Proceedings of the Western
International Forest Disease Work Conf., August 15-18, 2000,
Martin, K.J. 1994. Movements and habitat associations of northern flying squirrels
in the central Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis.
46 pp.
Martin, Sandra K., and Reginald H. Barrett. 1991. Resting site selection by
marten at Sagehen Creek, California. Northwestern Naturalist 72:37-42.
Mazurek, M.J., and William J. Zielinski. 2004. Individual legacy trees influence
vertebrate wildlife diversity in commercial forests. Forest Ecology Management 193:321-334.
Maser, C., R. G. Anderson, K. Cormack, Jr, and others. 1979. Dead and down
woody material. Pp. 78-95 in: J. W. Thomas, ed. Wildlife habitats in managed
forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. USDA Agric. Handbook
553. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
McCain, Cindy, and Nancy Diaz. 2001. Field guide to the forested plant associations
of the northern Oregon Coast Range. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Region. Corvallis, OR. Technical Paper, Draft version
1.2.
McClelland, B.R. 1979. The pileated woodpecker in forests of the northern
Rocky Mountains. pp 283-289 in Dickson, J.G., R.N. Conner, R.R. Fleet
(and others), eds. The role of insectivorous birds in forest ecosystems. New
York: Academic Press.
McClelland, B.R., and P.T. McClelland. 1999. Pileated woodpecker nest and
roost trees in Montana: links with old-growth and forest “health”.
Wildlife Society Bulletin 27(3):846-857.
McClelland, B.R., and P.T. McClelland. 2000. Red-naped sapsucker nest trees
in northern Rocky Mountains old-growth forest. Wilson Bulletin 112(1):44-50.
McClelland, B.R., S.S. Frissell, W.C. Fischer, and C.H. Halvorson. 1979. Habitat
management for hole-nesting birds in forests of western larch and Douglas-fir.
Journal of Forestry. 77(8):480-483.
McComb, W. C., K. McGarigal, S. Hope, and M. Hunter. 1992. Monitoring cavity-nesting
bird use in clearcuts and watersheds on western Oregon National Forests. Progress
Rpt., Dept. For. Sci., Oregon St. Univ., Corvallis. 48 pp. plus tables and
figures.
McCullough, B. 1992. Final report of a cavity nesting bird study on the Mount
Hood National Forest. Unpubl. Rpt., 30 pp. plus appendices.
McDade, K.A. 2001 Habitat relationships of small vertebrates and invertebrates
in managed forests in the southern Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis
McIntire, P.W. 1985. The role of small mammals as dispersers of mychorrhizal
fungal spores within variously managed forests and clearcuts. PhD. Thesis,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR.
McKenzie, D.S, and R.M. Storm. 1970. Patterns of habitat selection in the
clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus (Cope). Herpetologica 26(4):450-454.
Mckenzie, D., D.L. Peterson, and J.K. Agee. 2000. Fire frequency in the interior
Columbia River basin: building regional models from fire history data. Ecological
Applications 10(5):1497-1516.
Mellen, T. Kim. 1987. Home range and habitat use of pileated woodpeckers,
western Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 96 pp.
Mellen, K., and A. Ager. 2002. A coarse wood dynamics model for the western
Cascades. pp 503-516. In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad;
Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings
of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests.
1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific
Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/040_MellAger.pdf
Mellen, K., B.G. Marcot, J.L. Ohmann, K.L. Waddell, E.A. Willhite, B.B. Hostetler,
S.A. Livingston, and C. Ogden. 2002. DecAID: A decaying wood advisory model
for Oregon and Washington. pp 527-534. In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.;
Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators.
Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in
western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181.
Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/042_MellenDec.pdf
Mills, L.Scott. 1995. Edge effects and isolation: red-backed voles on forest
remnants. Conservation Biology 9(2):395-403.
Milne, K.A., and S.J. Hejl. 1989. Nest-site characteristics of white-headed
woodpeckers. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:50-55.
Minore, D. 1986. Effects of site preparation on seedling growth: a preliminary
comparison of broadcast burning and pile burning. USDA Forest Service PNW
Research Note PNW- RN-452. Portland OR. 12 pp.
Morrison, M.L., I.C. Timossi, K.A. With, and P.N. Manley. 1985. Use of tree
species by forest birds during winter and summer. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:1098-1102.
Morrison, Michael L., Martin G. Raphael, and R.C. Heald. 1983. The use of
high-cut stumps by cavity-nesting birds. pp 73-79 in Davis, J.W., G.A.
Goodwin, and R.A. Ockenfels, tech. coords. Snag habitat management: proceedings
of the symposium. USDA Forest Service, GTR-RM-99., Rocky Mnt. For. Range Exp.
St., Fort Collins, CO.
Nelson, S. Kim. 1988. Habitat use and densities of cavity
nesting birds in the Oregon Coast Ranges. M.S. Thesis, Oregon St. Univ., Corvallis.
157 pp.
Neitro, W.A., V.W. Binkley, S.P. Cline, R.W. Mannan, B. G. Marcot, D. Taylor,
and F. F. Wagner. 1985. Snags (wildlife trees). Pages 129-169 in E.R. Brown,
technical editor. Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western
Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland,
OR. Publication No. R6-F&WL-192-1985.
Nielsen-Pincus, Nicole. 2005. Nest site selection; nest success, and density
of selected cavity-nesting birds in northeastern Oregon with a method for
improving accuracy of density estimates. M.S. Thesis. University of Idaho,
Moscow. 96 pp. Nielsen-Pincus 2005
Nielsen-Pincus,
Nicole, and Edward O. Garton. 2007. Responses of cavity-nesting birds to changes
in available habitat reveal underlying determinants of nest selection. Northwestern Naturalist 88:135-146.
Nonaka, Estuko. 2003. Disturbance and landscape history as a reference for
evaluating forest management effects at a regional scale: examples from the
Coast Range of Oregon, USA. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis.
Nordstrom, L.A. 1997. Small mammal use of corridors in a fragmented landscape.
in Hallet, J.G. and M.A. O'Connell. Wildlife use of managed forests:
a landscape perspective. Volume 3. East-side studies research restults. Timber,
Fish and Wildlife Workshop. TFW-WL4-98-003. Olympia, WA.
Nordyke, K.A., and S.W. Buskirk. 1991. Southern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys
gapperi, populations in relation to stand succession and old-growth chracter
in the central Rocky Mountains. Canadian Field Naturalist 105:330-334.
O’Neil, Thomas A., Kelly A. Bettinger, Madeleine Vander Heyden, Bruce G. Marcot, Charley Barrett, T. Kim Mellen, W. Matthew Vanderhaegen, David H. Johnson, Patrick J. Doran, Laurie Wunder, and Kathry M. Boula. 2001. Structural conditions and habitat elements of Oregon and Washington. Chapter 3 in: D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. O'Neil et al 2001
O'Neil, T. A., D. H. Johnson, C. Barrett, M. Trevithick,
K. A.,Bettinger, C. Kiilsgaard, M. Vander Heyden, E. L. Greda, D. Stinson,
B.G. Marcot, P. J. Doran, S. Tank, and L. Wunder. 2001. Matrixes for wildlife-habitat
relationships in Oregon and Washington. CD-ROM. in: D. H. Johnson and T. A.
O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon
State University Press, Corvallis OR.
Ohmann, J. L., and K. L. Waddell. 2002. Regional patterns of dead wood in
forested habiats of Oregon and Washington. pp 535-560. In: Laudenslayer, William
F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical
coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of
dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/043_Ohm.pdf
Olson, Deanna H., Richard S. Nauman, Loretta L. Ellenburg, Bruce P. Hansen, and Samuel S. Chan. 2006. Ensatina eschscholtzii nests at a managed forest site in Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist 87:203-208.
Ormsbee, Patricia C. 1996a. Selection of day roosts by female long-legged
myotis (Myotis volans) in forests of the central Oregon Cascades. Masters
Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 63 pp.
Ormsbee, Patricia C. 1996b. Characteristics, Use, and distribution of day
roosts selected by female Myotis volans (long-legged myotis) in forested
habitat of the central Oregon Cascades. pp 124-131. in Barclay, R.M.
and R.M. Brigham, editors. Bats and forests symposium, October 19-21, 1995,
Victoria, B.C., Canada. Research Br.,B.C.Min. For., Victoria B.C. Working Paper
23/1996.
Ormsbee, Patricia C., and William C.McComb. 1998. Selection of day roosts
by female long-legged myotis in the central Oregon Cascade Range. Journal of Wildlife
Management 62:596-603.
Page-Dumroese, D. S., A. E. Harvey, M. F. Jurgensen,
and M. P. Amaranthus. 1998. Impacts of soil compaction and tree stump removal
on soil properties and outplanted seedlings in northern Idaho, USA. Canadian Journal of
Soil Science 78:29-34.
Parks, C., and D. Hildebrand. In prep. Experimental techniques for inoculation
of trees with stem decay to create wildlife habitat - laboratory and field
procedures. Draft Handbook. 24 p.
Pearson, D.E. 1994. Habitat use by the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys
gapperi): response of an old-growth associated species to succession.
MS Thesis, University of Montana. 105 pp.
Perlmeter, S.I. 1998. Patterns of day roost selection by long-legged myotis
bat (Myotis volans): Year 1. Draft unpublished report, Deschutes National
Forest. 17pp.
Peterson, B., and G. Gauthier. 1985. Nest site use by cavity-nesting birds
of the Caribou Parkland, British Columbia. Wilson Bulletin 97:319-331.
Powers, L.R., A. Dale, P.A. Gaede, and others. 1996. Nesting and food habits
of the flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus) in southcentral Idaho. Journal of
Raptor Research 30(1):15-20.
Rabe, M.J., T.E. Morrell, H. Green, J.C. deVos, Jr, C.R.
Miller. 1998. Characteristics of ponderosa pine snag roosts used by reproductive
bats in northern Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:612-621.
Raley, Catherine M., and Keith B. Aubry. 2006. Foraging ecology of pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests of Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(5):1266-1275.
Ralph, C.J., R.W.C. Paton, and C.A. Taylor. 1991. Habitat association patterns
of breeding birds and small mammals in Douglas-fir/hardwood stands in northwestern
California and southwest Oregon. pp 379-393 in Ruggiero, Leonard F.,
Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff., tech. coords. Wildlife
and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA, Forest Service, PNW
Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Rancourt,
Sandra J., Michael I. Rule, and Margaret A. O'Connell. 2007. Maternity roost
site selection of big brown bats in ponderosa pine forest of the Channeled
Scablands of northeastern Washington State, USA. Forest Ecology and Management
248(3):183-192.
Rambo, Thomas R. 2001. Decaying logs and habitat heterogeneity: Implications for bryophyte diversity in western Oregon forests. Northwest Science 75(3):270-277.
Raphael,
Martin G., and L.L.C. Jones. 1997. Characteristics of resting and denning
sites of American martens in central Oregon
and western Washington. pp.146-165 in G. Proulx, H.N. Bryant, and P.M. Woodard,
eds., Martes: taxonomy, ecology, techniques, and management. Provincial Museum
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Raphael, Martin G., and Michael L. Morrison. 1987. Decay and dynamics of snags
in the Sierra Nevada, California. Forest Science. 33(3):774-783.
Raphael, Martin G., and M. White. 1984. Use of snags by cavity-nesting birds
in the Sierra Nevada. Wildlife Monographs 86:1-66.
Rose, C. L., B. G. Marcot, T. K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, D.L.
Lindley, and B. Schreiber. 2001. Decaying wood in Pacific Northwest forests:
concepts and tools for habitat management. Pp. 580-623 in: D.H. Johnson and
T. A. O'Neil, ed. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington.
Oregon State University Press, Corvallis OR. Rose et al. 2001
Rosenberg, Daniel K., and Robert G. Anthony. 1993. Differences in Townsend's
chipmunk populations between second- and old-growth forests in western Oregon.
Journal of Wildlife Management 57:365-373.
Ross, D.W., and G.E. Daterman 1997. Using pheromone-baited traps to control
the amount and distribution of tree mortality during outbreaks of the Douglas-fir
beetle. Forest Science 43(1): 65-70.
Ross, D.W., K.E. Gibson, and G.E. Daterman 2001. Using MCH to protect trees
and stands from Douglas-fir beetle infestation. USDA Forest Service, FHTET-2001-09.
11p.
Ruggiero, Leonard F., D.E. Pearson, S.E. Henry. 1998. Characteristics of American
marten den sites in Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:663-673.
Russell, Robin E., Victoria A. Saab, Jonathon G. Dudley. 2007. Habitat-suitability
models for cavity-nesting birds in a postfire landscape. Journal of Wildlife
Management 71(8):2600-2611. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/29210
Saab, Victoria, and Jonathan Dudley. 1998. Responses
of cavity-nesting birds to stand-replacement fire and salvage logging in ponderosa
pine/Douglas-fir forests of southwestern Idaho. USDA Forest Service, Rocky
Mnt. Research Sta., Ogden, UT. Research Paper RMRS-RP-11. 17 p. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/23853
Saab, V., R. Brannon, J. Dudley, L. Donohoo, D. Vanderzanden, V. Johnson,
and H. Lachowski. 2002. Selection of fire-created snags at two spatial scales
by cavity-nesting birds. In: Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad;
Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical coordinators. Proceedings
of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests.
1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific
Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/062_Saab.pdf
Saab, Victoria A., and Hugh D. W. Powell, eds. 2005. Fire and avian ecology
in North America. Studies in Avian Biology 30:1-193. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/23867
Saab, Victoria A., Robin E. Russell, Jay Rotella, Jonathan G. Dudley. 2011. Modeling nest survival of cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging. Journal of Wildlife Management 75(4):794-804. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38683
Saab, Victoria A., Robin E. Russell, Jonathan G. Dudley. 2009. Nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging. Forest Ecology and Management 257:151-159. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/31757 and updated Appendix A
Saab,
Victoria A., Robin E. Russell, and Jonathan G. Dudley. 2007. Nest densities
of cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging and time since
wildfire. Condor 109:97-108. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/27685
Saab, Victoria A., and Kerri T. Vierling. 2001. Reproductive success of Lewis’s
woodpecker in burned pine and cottonwood riparian forests. Condor 103(3):491-501.
Saab, Victoria. Unpublished data. On file USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain
Research Station, Boise, ID.
Schmitt, C.L., J.R. Parmeter, and J.T. Kliejunas. 2000. Annosus root disease
of western conifers. U.S. Dept. of Agric., Forest Service, Forest Insect &
Disease Leaflet 172. 9 p.
Schmidt, J.M., and R.H. Frye 1977. Spruce beetle in the Rockies. USDA Forest
Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-49. 38pp.
Schmid, J.M., S.A. Mata, and W.F. McCambridge. 1985. Natural falling of beetle-killed
ponderosa pine. Research Note RM-454. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 3 p.
Schreiber, Barry. 1987. Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central
coastal Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 63 pp.
Schreiber, Barry, and David S. deCalesta. 1992. The relationship between cavity-nesting
birds and snags on clearcuts in western Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 50:299-316.
Scott, V.E., and J.L. Oldemeyer. 1983. Cavity-nesting bird requirements and
response to snag cutting in ponderosa pine. pp 19-23 in Davis, J.W.,
G.A. Goodwin, and R.A. Ockenfels, tech. coords. Snag habitat management: proceedings
of the symposium. USDA Forest Service, GTR-RM-99., Rocky Mnt. For. Range Exp.
St., Fort Collins, CO.
Sedell, J., and C. Maser. 1994. From the forest to the sea: the ecology of
wood in streams, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. St. Lucia Press, Delray Beach,
FL. 200 pp.
Shea, P. J., W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr, G. Ferrell , and R. Borys. 2002. Girdled
versus bark beetle-created Ponderosa pine snags: utilization by cavity-dependent
species and differences in decay rate and insect diversity. In: W. F. Laudenslayer,
Jr, P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (Ed.).
Proceedings of the Symposium on The Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in
Western Forests, 2-4 November 1999, Reno, Nevada. USDA Forest Service, Pacific
Southwest Research Station General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181. (pp. 145-153).
http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/014_Shea.pdf
Sherburne, S.S., and J.A. Bissonette. 1994. Marten subnivean access point
use: response to subnivean prey levels. Journal of Wildlife Management 58(3):400-405.
Shook, R.S., and P.H. Baldwin. 1970. Woodpecker predation on bark beetles
in Engelmann spruce logs as related to stand density. Canadian Entomology 102:1345-1354.
Simon, N. P., C. B. Stratton, G. J. Forbes, and F. E. Schwab. 2002. Similarity
of small mammal abundance in post-fire and clearcut forests. Forest Ecology
and Management 164(1-3):163-172.
Skinner, Carl N. 2002. Influence of fire on the dynamics of dead woody material
in forests of California and southwestern Oregon. In: Laudenslayer, William
F., Jr.; Valentine, Brad; Weatherspoon, C. Philip; Lisle, Thomas E., technical
coordinators. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of
dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PSW-GTR-181. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/035_Skinner.pdf
Slauson, Keith M. 2003. Habitat selection by American martens (Martes Americana)
in coastal northwestern California. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State University,
Corvallis. 112 pp.
Slauson, Keith M., William J. Zielinski. 2009. Characteristics of summer and fall diurnal resting habitat used by American martens in coastal northwestern California. Northwest Science 83(1):35-45.
Smith, K.G. 1982. On habitat selection of Williamson's and “red-naped”
yellow-bellied sapsuckers. Southwestern Naturalist 27:464-466.
Smith, J. E., R. Molina, M. M. P. Huso, and M. J. Larsen. 2000. Occurence
of Piloderma fallax in young, rotation age, and old-growth stands of
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziessi) in the Cascade Range of Oregon,
USA. Canadian Journal of Botany 78:995-1001.
Smith, Troy G. 2002. Small mammal relationships with downed wood and antelope
bitterbrush in ponderosa pine forests of central Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 146 pp.
Smith, T. G., and C. C. Maguire. 2004. Small-Mammal Relationships with Down
Wood and Antelope Bitterbrush in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Central Oregon.
Forest Science 50(5):711-728.
Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 1997. Mycorrhizal symbioses. Second edition.
Academic Press, New York.
Smucker, Kristina M., Richard L. Hutto, and Brian M. Steele. 2005. Changes in bird abundance after wildfire: importance of fires severity and time since fire. Ecological Applications 15(5):1535-1549.
Snell, J.A. Kendall, and James K. Brown. 1980. Handbook for predicting residue
weights of Pacific Northwest Conifers. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Gen. Tech.
Rept. PNW-103. page 32.
Sollins, P., S.P. Cline, T. Verhoeven, D. Sachs, and G. Spycher. 1987. Patterns
of log decay in old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17:1585-1595.
Spies, T.A., and S.P. Cline. 1988. Coarse woody debris in forests and plantations
of coastal Oregon pp 5-23 in Maser, C., R.F. Tarrant, J.M. Trappe,
and J.F. Franklin, eds. 1988. From the forest to the sea: a story of fallen
trees. Gen. Tech. Rpt. PNW-GTR-229. USDA Forest Service, Portland OR.
Spies, T.A., J.F. Franklin, and T.B. Thomas. 1988. Coarse woody debris in
Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington. Ecology 69:1689-1702.
Squires, John R., Nicholas J. Decesare, Jay A. Kolbe, Leonard F. Ruggiero. 2008. Heirarchical den selection of Canada lynx in western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 72(7):1497-1506.
Steeger, C., and C.L. Hitchcock. 1998. Influence of forest structure and diseases
on nest-site selection by red-breasted nuthatches. Journal of Wildlife Mange. 62(4):1349-1358.
Steeger, C., and J. Dulisse. 1997. Ecological interrelationships of three-toed
woodpeckers with bark beetles and pine trees. Research Summary RS-035. Forest
Sciences, Ministry of Forests, Nelson, B.C.
Steeger, C., and M.M. Machmer. 1995. Wildlife trees and their use by cavity-nesters
in selected stands of the Nelson Forest Range. Tech. Rept. TR-010. Forest
Science Section. Ministry of Forests. Nelson, B.C. 28 pp.
Steeger, C., J. Krebs, and D. Crampton. 1993. A close look at wildlife trees.
Research Summary RS-011. Forest Sciences, Ministry of Forests, Nelson, B.C.
Tallmon, D. and L.S. Mills. 1994. Use of logs within
home ranges of California red-backed voles on a remnant of forest. Journal of Mammology
75:97-101.
Taylor, J.A. unpublished. Roost-site and habitat selection of the long-legged
myotis (Myotis volans) in managed landscape of the eastern Cascade
range. draft Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. 41 pp.
Terry C.J. 1981. Habitat differentiation among three species of Sorex and Neurotrichus gibbsi in Washington. American Midland Naturalist 106(1):119-125.
Thies, W.G., and R.N. Sturrock. 1995. Laminated root rot in western North
America. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-349. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agric.,
Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Research Sta. 32 p. In cooperation with: Natural
Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre.
Thompson, Rebecca L. 1996. Home range and habitat use of western red-backed
voles in mature coniferous forests in the Oregon Cascades. M.S. Thesis, Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis. 88 pp.
Thompson, Rebecca L., Carlol L. Chambers, Brenda C. McComb. 2009. Home range and habitat of western red-backed voles in the Oregon Cascades. Northwest Science 83(1):46-56.
Tinker, D. B., and D. H. Knight. 2000. Coarse woody debris following fire
and logging in Wyoming lodgepole pine forests. Ecosystems 3:472-483.
Tinker D B; Knight D H. 2001. Temporal and spatial dynamics of coarse woody
debris in harvested and unharvested lodgepole pine forests. Ecological Modelling141:
125-149.
Tobalske, B.W. 1992. Evaluating habitat suitability using relative abundance
and fledging success of red-naped sapsuckers. Condor 94:550-553.
Torgersen, Torolf R. and Evelyn L. Bull. 1995. Down logs as habitat for forest-dwelling
ants - the primary prey of pileated woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 69(4):294-303.
Trombino, Cynthia L. 1998. Species interactions in the hybrid zone between
red-breasted (Sphyrapicus ruber) and red-naped (Sphyrapicus nuchalis)
sapsuckers: fitness consequences, reproductive character displacement, and
nest site selection. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northern Illinois Univ., Deckalb,
Illinois. 154 pp.
Ucitel, Dalit, Donald P. Christian, and Jonathan M. Graham.
2003. Vole use of coarse woody debris and implications for habitat and fuel
management. Journal of Wildlife Management 67(1):65-72.
Villard, P. 1994. Foraging behavior of black-backed and three-toed woodpeckers
during spring and summer in a Canadian boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Zooogy 72(11):1957-1959.
Villard, P., and C.L. Beniger. 1993. Foraging behavior of male black-backed
and hairy woodpeckers in a forest burn. Journal of Field Ornithology 64:71-76.
Vonhof, M.J. 1999. Roosting habitat requirements and population genetics of
silver-haired and big brown bats. Report prepared for the forest renewal B.C.
Research Program, Burnaby, B.C., and the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife
Compensation Program, Nelson, B.C. 73pp.
Vonhof, Maarten J., and John C. Gwilliam. 2007. Intra- and interspecific patterns
of day roost selection by three species of forest-dwellilng bats in Southern
British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management 252:165-175.
Vonhof,
M.J., and J.C. Gwilliam. 1999. Survey of the roost-site preferences of California,
western long-eared, and long-legged bats in the Pend d'Oreille Valley. Report
prepared for the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Nelson,
B.C. 46pp.
Vonhof, M.J., and R.M.R. Barclay. 1997. Use of stumps as roosts by the western
long-eared bat. Journal of Wildlife Managemeny 61(3):674-684.
Vonhoff, M.J. 1996. Roost-site preferences of big brown bats (Eptesicus
fuscus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) in the
Pend d'Oreille Valley in Southern British Columbia. pp 62-80. in Barclay,
R.M. and R.M. Brigham, editors. Bats and forests symposium, October 19-21,
1995, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Research Br.,B.C.Min. For., Victoria B.C. Work Paper
23/1996.
Waldien, D.L. 1998. Characteristics and spatial relationships of day-roosts
and activity areas of female long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in western
Oregon. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 83 pp.
Waldien, David. 2005. Population and behavioral responses of small mammals
to silviculture and downed wood treatments in the Oregon Coast Range. PhD.
Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Waldien, David L., John P. Hayes, and Bryan E. Wright. 2003. Use of conifer
stumps in clearcuts by bats and other vertebrates. Northwest Science 77(1):64-71.
Waldien,
David L., John P. Hayes, and Manuela M.P. Huso. 2006. Use of downed wood by
Townsend's chipmunks (Tamias townsendii) in western Oregon. Journal of Mammology
87(3):454-460.
Walter, Scott T. 2003. Snag longevity, bird use of cavities, and conifer response
across three silvicultural treatments in the Oregon Coast Range. M.S. Thesis.
Oregon State University. Corvallis, OR. 124 pp.
Weikel, Jennifer M., and John P. Hayes. 1999. The foraging ecology of cavity-nesting
birds in young forest of the northern Coast Range of Oregon. Condor 101:58-66.
Weinhagen, A.C. 1998. Nest-site selection by the black-backed woodpecker in
northeastern Vermont. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Vermont. 52 pp.
Weir, Richard D., and Alton S. Harestad. 2003. Scale-dependentl habitat selectivity
by fishers in south-central British Columbia. Journal of Wildlife Management
67(1):73-82.
Weller, Theodore J., and Cynthia J. Zabel. 2001. Characteristics of fringed
myotis day roosts in northern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 65(3):489-497.
Welsh, H.H., Jr., and A.J. Lind. 1991. The structure of the Douglas-fir/hardwood
forests of northwestern California and Southwestern Oregon. pp 395-413 in
Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark H. Huff.,
tech. coords. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA,
Forest Service, PNW Research Station, PNW-GTR-285, Portland, OR.
Welsh, J.E., and D.E. Capen. 1992. Availability of nesting sites as limit
to woodpecker populations. Forest Ecology Management 48:31-41.
Wiebe, K. L. 2001. Microclimate of tree cavity nests: is it important for
reproductive success in northern flickers? Auk 118(2):412-421.
Wightman, Catherine S., Victoria A. Saab, Chris Forristal, Kim Mellen-McLean, and Amy Markus. 2010. White-headed woodpecker nesting ecology after wildfire. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(5):1098-1106. http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/wightman_et_al_2010/wightman_et_al_2010.pdf
Wikars, L. O., and J. Schimmel. 2001. Immediate effects of fire-severity on
soil invertebrates in cut and uncut pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management
141(3):189-200.
Winter, G. J., C. Vogt, and J. S. Fried. 2002. Fuel treatments at the wildland-urban
interface: common concerns in diverse regions. Journal of Forestry 100(1):15-22.
Wright, K.H., and R.R. Lejeune 1967. Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. In: Davidson, A.G. and R.M. Prentice, eds. Important forest insects
and diseases of mutual concern to Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Ottawa,
ON: Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development. pp. 16-20.
Wright, Pamela J. 1998. The effect of fire regime on coarse woody debris in
the west central Cascades, Oregon. Corvallis: Oregon State University; 109
p. M.S. thesis.
Youngblood, Andrew, Timothy Max, and Kent Coe. 2004. Stand structure in eastside old-growth ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and northern California. Forest Ecology and Management 199:191-217.
Zak, B. 1971. Characterization and classification of
mycorrhizae of Douglas-fir. II. Pseudotsuga menziesii + Rhizopogon vinicolor.
Canadian Journal of Botany 49:1079-1084.
Zarnowitz, Jill E., and David A. Manuwal. 1985. The effects of forest management
on cavity-nesting birds in northwestern Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:255-263.
Zarnowitz, Jill E. 1982. The effect of forest management on cavity-nesting
bird populations in the Olympic National Forest, Washington. MS Thesis, Univ.
Washington, Seattle. 113 pp.
Zielinski, William J.; Truex, Richard L.; Schmidt, Gregory A.; Schlexer, Fredrick
V.; Schmidt, Kristin N.; Barrett, Reginald H. 2004. Resting habitat selection
by fishers in California. Journal of Wildlife Management, 68(3): 475-492.